98 
several  groups  of  Protozoa,  specially  Flagel- 
lata  and  Ciliata,  but  there  were  some  Neos- 
poriden  (Myxosporidia)  and  some  Telospori- 
dea  ( G  regantía ),  as  well. 
Among  the  ciliata  was  Balantidium 
coli,  a  parasite  of  man;  we  found  it  only 
once  during  the  journey.  The  patient  showed 
no  symptoms  of  dysentery,  nor  did  she  com¬ 
plain  of  any  other  intestinal  trouble  ;  all  her 
symptoms  were  limited  to  the  nervous  system. 
This  case  we  found  in  Iguassú,  while  looking 
for  Ankylostomum  eggs.  It  was  not  the  first 
time  I  found  Balantidium  coli,  in  a  case, 
~here  though  present,  it  has  no  apparent  pa¬ 
thogenic  effect.  (Vide  Brazil-Medico  vol.  32 
n.  4  p.  26.).  Balantidium  coli  is  common  in 
the  interior  of  the  state  of  Rio  ;  1  have 
come  across  it,  in  an  apparently  harmless 
condition,  several  times,  while  making  hel- 
minthologic  examinations. 
To  me  the  most  interesting  ciliata  found 
in  game,  were  those  from  the  stomach  of 
the  big  stag  (Cariacus  paludosus  DESM.) 
and  the  caecum  of  the  “anta”  (Tapirus  ame- 
ricanus  BR1SS.).  1  gave  them  to  an  assistent 
of  this  Institute,  Dr.  A.  MARQUES  DA 
CUNHA,  who  has  not  yet  determined  all  of 
them;  they  belong  to  new  genera  and  spe¬ 
cies  and  will  be  described  later  on,  with  the 
exception  of  one,  already  described  in 
Brazil-Medico  vol.  32  n.  12  p.  161.  (1918), 
under  the  name  of  Prototap irella  intestinalis  ; 
Cycloposthidae. 
The  most  important  flagellate  met  with 
on  this  journey  was  Trypanosoma  cruzi. 
Some  specimens  of  Triatoma  in/estans,  we 
examined  in  Dr.  MIGONE’s  laboratory,  in 
Assuncion,  were  copiously  infected  with  it. 
These  specimens  came  from  places  near  the 
capital  which  we  did  not  have  time  to  visit. 
We  also  saw  several  workmen  with  goiters  in 
Porto  Isabel;  they  all  came  from  the  interi¬ 
or  of  the  country.  Putting  these  facts  together 
I  feel  justified  in  affirming  that  Trypanosomia¬ 
sis  americana  exists  in  Paraguay.  The  fact, 
that  it  has  not  been  described  from  that 
republic,  seems  to  me  no  argument  to  the 
contrary,  since,  though  widely  destributed  in 
Brazil,  it  went  unnoticed  for  a  very  long  time. 
Trypanosoma  equinum ,  the  cause  of 
equine  trypanosomiasis,  attacking  horses  and 
mules,  is  distributed  over  a  wide  area  of  the 
territory  through  which  we  passed.  We  visited 
one  of  the  historic  foci  of  this  disease  on 
the  river  Salado  near  San  Bernardino.  In 
the  same  place  Araujia  angustifolia  (Ascle- 
pediaceae)  grows  very  plentifully.  Dr.  MI- 
GONE  found  a  Leptomonas  in  the  latex  of 
this  plant  and  described  it  as  L.  elmassieni, 
in  honour  of  the  discoverer  of  Trypanosoma 
equinum.  It  has  many  affinities  with  this 
genus. 
Leishmaniasis  americana ,  locally  called 
Baurú  ulcer,  and  its  agent  Leishmania  brasi- 
liensis,  are  well-known  in  this  country  ;  they 
aie  widely  spread  in  the  regions  of  Paraguay 
and  the  north-west  of  São  Paulo  in  which 
we  travelled.  It  is  interesting  to  note  here, 
that  during  the  whole  of  the  journey  we 
found  only  one  specimen  of  Phlebotomus 
and  that  near  the  Santa  Maria  falls  of  the 
river  Iguassú,  a  very  sparsely  populated  re¬ 
gion,  from  which  no  cases  of  Leishmaniosis 
were  brought  to  our  notice.  According  to 
Dr.  MIGONE,  this  is  not  the  only  kind  of 
Leishmania  observed  in  Paraguay,  since  he 
treated  (in  Assuncion)  the  only  case 
of  Kala-azar  or  visceral  leishmaniosis,  as  yet 
found  in  America. 
Owing  to  the  kindness  of  Dr.  CASTRO 
GOYANA,  I  was  able  to  examine  several 
case  of  dysentery  in  Baurú  (north-west  of 
São  Paulo).  In  one  case  I  found  Chilomastix 
mesnili  WENYON  only;  in  another  the  same 
Chilomastix  and  Enteromonas  hominis,  first 
described  from  Rio  by  me.  Both  cases  were 
interesting.  The  first  helps  to  confirm  my 
belief  that  Chilomastix  is  much  more  com¬ 
mon  in  the  country  than  in  towns  like  Rio, 
where  Trichomonas  hominis  and  Giardia  in¬ 
testinalis  are  more  frequent.  The  presence  of 
Enteromonas  hominis  in  the  second  case  I 
find  still  more  interesting,  as,  after  1  descri¬ 
bed  it  from  Rio,  this  species  was  found  in 
two  cases  in  Anglo-Egyptian  Soudan  by 
CHALMERS  and  PEKKOLA  ;  recently,  it 
has  been  mentioned  by  MAURICE  LÉGER 
as  a  parasite  of  man  in  French  Guyana.  Con- 
