DR. CARPENTER IN AMERICA. 15 
When the buds arise on underground ramifications of the root- 
hairs, they remain in a dormant state as small microscopic tuber- 
ous bodies (bulbils) filled with reserve food material, until they 
chance to reach the surface of the ground, when they undergo 
further development. Fig. 13. (eg. Barbula muralis, Grim- 
mia pulvinata, Funaria hygrometrica, Trichostamum rigidum, 
Atrichum.) 
Aerial root-hairs may not only produce a protonema containing 
chlorophyll, but also leaf-buds without its intervention; and 
Schimper mentions the remarkable fact that in Dicranum undula- 
zum, annual male plants are formed in this manner on the tufts 
of perennial female plants and fertilize the latter. 
The establishment of new colonies of Mosses is also secured by 
prothallium produced from the basal cells of the deciduous leaves 
of Funaria hygrometrica, Orthotricum Lyelli, and O. abtusifolium ; 
while the falling branches of Campylopus and Leucobryum also 
serve for the production of new plants. 
( Zo be continued. ) 
DR. CARPENTER IN AMERICA. 
UR veteran microscopist, Dr. Carpenter, was present at the 
meeting of the American Association for the advancement of 
Science held in August last at Montreal. While there he gave an 
interesting address to the large audience assembled, upon the 
subject of the best objectives for biological work. 
This address, which sets out so plainly what objectives should 
be used, has been printed and circulated in the North by a Member 
of the Manchester Microscopical Society, and, therefore, it would 
be superfluous for us to reproduce it. Suffice it to say that the 
address may be found on page 161 of the September number of the 
American Monthly Microscopical Journal. 
The reprint, before mentioned, has been divided into numbered 
paragraphs, and some of the sentences underlined in red, in order, 
we suppose, to facilitate discussion, but we would imagine that the 
propositions advanced by Dr. Carpenter have been so well estab- 
lished by practice as to admit of no useful discussion. ‘There are 
a few statements, however, not materially affecting actual work 
with the microscope, that require comment; in every other sense 
we agree with the spirit of the Doctor’s remarks. 
We suppose it to be inferred from the statement “that American 
microscopists are now going over the track that the English passed 
