42 THE MICROSCOPICAL NEWS. 
The figures refer to engravings in “Science Gossip” for 1878, which 
may be found on page 221. 
Figure 185 is a piece of brass wire, about the thickness of a lead 
pencil, and 16 inches long, each end of which is firmly soldered 
into a boat-shaped piece of lead, BB, 4 inches in length. Length- 
wise, through each piece of lead, a piece of brass wire, cc, about 
half the thickness of a, and 1o inches long, is fastened, with the 
ends bent round in the form of aring. D is a v shaped piece of 
brass wire, of the same thickness as c, the two arms of which are 
each 15 inches long, and the ends are firmly hooked to the rings 
ofcc. To this the towing-line is tied. To the bar, a, bundles of 
untwisted rope, 4 feet long, are tied. Fig. 187 shows the bar 
and the runners in section, and it will be seen that the bar is bent 
upwards to allow of its passage over large specimens without injur- 
ing them by its weight. 
Experience has taught me that this form of dredge is by far the 
best for echinoderms. I have taken as many as nine specimens of 
the brittle star-fish Ophiocoma rosula at one haul, not one of which 
was injured in any way. By means of a pair of strong scissors, the 
specimens may be cut away from the tangles, and if they are in- 
tended for the cabinet, the fragments of hemp-fibre may be 
afterwards removed at the student’s leisure by means of a pair of 
forceps. I found it necessary to provide myself with a duplicate 
Fig. 17. 
set of tangles, as, after a large number of specimens have”been 
taken, they become matted together, or so much may have been 
cut away as to render them useless. 
This form of dredge is, however, of very little value when the larger 
forms of crustacea, molluscs, and polyzoa are desired, so two years 
ago I had a small dredge made, the general plan of which will be 
found figured and described in Woodward’s “Manual of the 
Mollusca,” and it has answered my purpose well. 
