NOTES ON MOSSES. 65 
are ovate-lanceolate, acute, the nerve excurrent into a rather long 
hair point ; oval capsule with a rostrate lid. 
A. Starkeana, named after Mr. Stark, is recorded for the south 
and middle of Britain, and is very rare for Yorkshire and the Lake 
district. A. cespitosa and A. latifolia are very rare. 
Amongst the Tortulas or screw Mosses, there are fruiting this 
month three belonging to the section Cuneifoliz, having broad, or 
spathulate-lanceolate leaves similar to the wall-screw Moss, 7. 
muralis. T. atrovirens, the thick-ribbed screw Moss is found on 
dry banks near the sea ; the leaves have revolute margins, with a 
thick nerve prolonged into a short mucro. 
The other two are rare: 7: cunetfolia, the wedge-leaved Tortula, 
found on banks on the sea coast, and Z: Vahiiana, with broader, 
softer leaves, and narrower capsules than Z? muralzs. 
It is found on damp clayey ground by road sides, &c. TZ. 
famellata, belonging to the Aloidella group, has the true peristome 
of a Tortula ; but, according to Dr. Schimper, it is so fragile that 
it always falls off with the operculum. 
The section Syntrichia of this family is distinguished from the 
other seetions by the lower portion of the peristome forming a long 
tube, the following species of which may be mentioned—TZ- princeps 
or Mulleri. 
Muller’s Screw Moss, growing on Scotch rocks has stems 1 to 2 
inches high, with brownish radicles ; leaves erecto-patent ; oblong- 
broad, and fawn coloured, with reflexed margins ; capsules cylin- 
drical on a purplish seta ; synoicous. 
T. ruralis, the great hairy screw Moss, is the typical species of 
this group ; it is found on wall tops and roofs, and is very generally 
distributed. 
Leaves squarrose, recurved, ovate-oblong, keeled, nerve excurrent 
into a long hair point, rough with minute prominences (scabrous) ; 
capsules sub-cylindrical ; lid long ; conical ; dioicous. 
LI. intermedia is similar in character, but with erecto-patent 
leaves and shorter capsules, and is found growing on limestone 
rocks, 
The fruit of Z! papillosa is not known, but the species is very 
distinct from the thickly papillose back of the nerve. ‘The fruit of 
T: latifolia, the wide-leaved screw Moss, is very rare. 
Loving high moorlands is Didymodon flexifolius, or the bent- 
leaved, while Cornwall is the only recorded county for Détrichum 
subulatum, 
In the £ucalypta or Extinguisher Mosses, the calyptra com- 
pletely envelops the capsule, hence its name, and it is noticeable 
that in Z. vulgaris the normal form is very rare, while the variety 
& is frequent in limestone districts on rocks and walls. 
Named after Grimm, a German botanist, and easily recognized, 
