6 SOME DISEASES OF CEREALS. 
axis, Which may occur either above the carpels or may involve 
them. Two instructive cases are described by Masters in this 
paper. Inone,a species of Campanula, the calyx was free, the 
corolla double, the stamens with petaloid filaments, and in the 
place of the pistil, there was a bud consisting of several series of 
green bracts, arranged in threes and enclosing quite in the centre 
three carpellary leaves detached from one another and the other 
parts of the flower and open along their margins where the ovules 
were placed. Inthe other, a Fuchsia, the calyx was similarly 
detached from the ovary simultaneously with the extension of the 
axis. Here the petals were increased in number and variously 
modified, the stamens also; while in the centre and at the top of 
the flower, conjoined at the base with some imperfect stamens, was 
a carpel open along its ovuliferous margin. These cases indicate 
a lengthening of the floral axis, immediately below the gynecium, 
and in the second case the stamens were carried up on the 
prolongation. 
The axial sprouting in the florets of Pennisetum in this dis- 
ease, 1s a case of median frondal prolification, and belongs to the 
second variety of this, mentioned above, 7.e., that in which the 
whole segment of the floral axis, which bears the pistil, is prolonged, 
the pistil being at the same time entirely suppressed. In no case 
examined, was any trace of the pistil to be found. Further two 
cases were seen in which the stamens were carried up on the _proli- 
ficated axis ; in one, three stamens arose from the dorsum of the 
outer leaf of the new bud (plate IT, fig. 7a) ; in the other, two of 
the stamens occupied their ordinary position at the base of the 
bud, while the third was carried up, and arose a couple of 
millimeters above the other, on the outer side of the sheath tube 
of the first leaf of the bud (fig. 7b). 
In one head examined, the greater part of the florets were pro- 
duced into an axial horn, a hollow organ entirely closed at the mar- 
gin and produced from within the staminal whorl. This was, 10 
many spikelets, produced equally from the lower (normally male) 
% from the upper (perfect) floret of the spikelet. Though, at 
first sight, it resembled a hypertrophied pistil, its structure was 
