14 VARIETAL CHARACTERS OF INDIAN WHEATS. 
Pusa for the last two years. No change from white to red has 
yet taken place, but at both stations the red form grows more 
vigorously than the white, and if grown in competition, there is no 
doubt that the red sort would win. 
In many other pure cultures of both red and white wheats at 
Lyallpur and Pusa during the last two years, no change of white to 
red grain or the reverse has been noticed except in cases of natural 
cross-fertilisation at Lyallpur which will be discussed later on. We 
accordingly believe that the colour of the grain is a constant 
character and one of considerable value in systematic work. 
In our hybridisation experiments in India we have so far found 
that red grain is dominant over white, a result previously obtained 
by many other investigators. 
(b) Consistency.—A large number of observations have been 
made both in Europe and America on the consistency of wheat. 
The subject is of great importance on account of the fact that 
strength is often associated with a hard and translucent endosperm, 
The general result so far has been to indicate that consistency 
depends on the soil, on the available moisture and on the nutrition of 
the crop. Thus, in the United States, Le Clerk’ states in the case of 
Durum wheats, that in humid districts and under irrigation the 
grain tends to become starchy, while in drier localities the grain 
remains flinty with a higher nitrogen content. Eriksson’ in Sweden 
concludes that consistency is of no systematic value and depends 
more on the season than on the kind of wheat. He found that 
wheats brought to Sweden from Southern Europe became more and 
more glassy except in good years. Koernicke’ at Poppelsdortf 
found there was often a change from floury grains to flinty and also 
thereverse, and that these changes depended both on soil and season. 
Fruwirth’ in a recent discussion of the subject concludes that con- 
sistency varies with the season, soil and nutrition of the crop, 
andthat in Europe wheats become increasingly floury from east to 
1 L: Clerk, Yearbook of the US. Department of Agr, 106, 
2 Kriksson, |. e. 
8 Koernicke, |. ¢. 
# Fruwirth, |. c, 
