HOWARD AND HOWARD. 19 
being a little lower and consequently damper than the other. Simi- 
larly at Pusa in the same year several sorts were. sown in duplicate, 
one set on somewhat light loam, the other on heavy soil. The differ- 
ence in the time of ripening of the two sets of plots was about 14 
days, that on the lighter soil being of course the earlier. In our 
three years’ study of the Punjab wheats we have always noticed 
certain broad distinctions in the time of ripening. The macaroni 
wheats and type 9 are distinctly later than the rest. Two agri- 
cultural types of common wheats were distinguished by paying 
attention to this point among others, but in general we have left 
the further details connected with this character to be settled 
when the types are grown on a larger scale. Several years’ 
careful study will be required to decide the relative earliness 
and lateness of these types with precision. The wide differences 
in earliness and lateness inherent in the kinds such as are obvious 
in Europe are not to be seen in India as the shortness of the 
season renders the cultivation of really late kinds impossible. 
Even Canadian wheats like Red Fife only form shrivelled seed at 
Lyallpur while many of the European sorts do little more than 
come into ear before they are dried up by the hot winds. Some 
of the kinds, including Einkorn, do not even begin to shoot. 
7. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO RUST. 
We have observed the pure culture plots at Lyallpur and Pusa 
during the last two years with a view of finding rust resistant kinds 
for use In hybridisation. Indealing with this point it isnecessary to 
realise that rust in India as elsewhere is only a general term and that 
there are several distinct wheat rusts in India. This aspect of the 
subject has been dealt with by Butler and Hayman.' The only 
season during the last three years at Lyallpur when the crop was 
damaged by rust was in 1907 when there was an epidemic of yellow 
rust (Puccinia glumarum, Eniks. and Henn.) and also a certain 
amount of black rust (Puccinia graminis, Pers.). All the 25 
types of Punjab wheat were attacked by yellow rust, the only 
1 Butler and Hayman, Wemoirs of the Dept, of Agr, in India, Botanical series, Vol, 
No, 2, Calcutta, 1906, 
