E. J. BUTLER. a 
It has already been mentioned that the seat of attack is 
usually near the ground or above a fork in seedlings, and near the 
scars left in breaking off branches in older trees, The  out- 
break in 1906 followed a heavy fall of snow in the early spring ; 
this partly thawed and was succeeded by frost. The result was, 
as pointed out by Monsieur Peychaud, Director of Horticulture, 
Kashmir, that the seedlings were nipped near the ground and above 
the Jarger forks where snow had collected, and the bark was 
injured. The attacks in the oider trees are always near a wound. 
The branch shown in Plate J, fig. 3, which is one of many such 
seen, shows a patch of infection around every scar left by removing 
the leaf-bearing side twigs during the plucking season. These 
facts all point unmistakably to the fungus being one of the large 
class known as ‘“‘ wound parasites” common in woody plants. 
Such parasites, as the name implies, attack their victims only 
through wounds, not through the unbroken surface of the plant, 
Anything which injures the surface—not only pieces broken or 
cut off but the holes made by insects and the bruises caused by 
hail or ice—may be sufficient to allow of penetration. 
The wound parasitic fungi are found most commonly on 
dead wood. Ordinarily they «re unable to grow through the cork 
which forms the protective bark of living trees. If this be cut 
away and the wood below exposed, many of them can then 
penetrate and exist by consuming the living tissues of the tree. Even 
in these cases, however, entry is much facilitated by the wound 
having been made in such a manner as to kill a portion of the wood 
as well as removing the bark. The fungus grows for a time on 
the dead wood around the wound, and having accumulated a store 
of nourishment, gains vigour enough to enable it to attack the 
living tissues beyond. Hence, while all wounds that are sufficient - 
ly deep may admit a parasite of this nature, wounds which are 
not clean-cut, but are jagged and leave splinters of dead wood 
attached to the tree, do so much more freely. 
A careful search for Coryneum Mori on other plants led to 
its discovery on a rough-leaved jungle tree, Celtis caucasica ( Kash. 
Brimij). \t produces an exactly similar disease to that on 
