E. J. BUTLER. 5 
formation of the spores is shown in fig. 3, and the different shapes 
assumed by them in fig. 4. * 
The spores germinate readily in water, putting out colourless 
threads from several of the cells into which each spore is divided 
(fig. 5). These threads branch freely and become divided up into 
short lengths by cross walls. Infection of the wounds on mulberry 
branches no doubt takes place as the result of such spores (which 
are very minute, measuring only from 25 to 40 by from 10 to 18 
thousands of a millimetre in diameter) being blown about from 
the branches of previously attacked trees or from prunings on the 
ground. ‘The threads penetrate into the wood and there take tne 
appearance shown in fig. 2. Fig. 4, plate 1V, shows the micros- 
copic appearance of the threads produced from spores germinated 
on dead mulberry wood in a moist still atmosphere ; under these 
conditions the fungus forms a fine white or grey mould-like growth 
on the surface of the wood. It will be noticed that the side 
branches show a tendency to fuse by their tips with other 
branches. 
Treatment.—In considering the best methods of checking this 
disease, the two cardinal points to be borne in mind are that the 
parasite can be found on dead branches and twigs of the mulberry, 
whether prunings or broken off from any other cause, and that all 
its characters go to show that it is a wound parasite, attacking 
healthy trees only througa unhealed scars left when branches are 
removed. 
It is a fortunate circumstance that in Kashmir, as in most 
other parts of India, dead wood of any sort is not left long on the 
eround, but is promptly gathered for firewood. In the nurseries, 
however, this is not the case, and here care should be taken that 
the prunings and all broken twigs are regularly removed and 
burnt. Excepting for this matter the treatment of the trees in the 
* The spores are often divided by vertical as well as by cross-walls, as the figures show. 
In the genus Coryneuwm the walls are usually transverse only. A few species are, however, 
already known that have occasional vertical walls (e. g., Corynewm Notarisianum Sace, on oak 
and birch twigs), and it seems better to refer the mulberry fungus to this genus than to form 
a new one to receive it. 
