E. J. BUTLER. T 
Lambert, published by Masson & Cie., Paris, in 1906. Even 
where regular pruning is not practised, care is taken to remove 
ail dead wood, withered twigs and such as are useless for good 
leaf- production. 
While there can be no question of the value of pruning, it is 
necessary to point out that bad pruning is often worse than none 
at all. ‘The best results will be obtained if the plants are regu- 
larly pruned on a definite system from the nursery onwards. 
This could be quite easily secured in the young trees which have 
been distributed from the State nurseries, by periodical inspections. 
The treatment of the older trees is more difficult as they have been 
allowed to get into a condition from which it would usually be 
hopeless to expect to secure well-shaped trees. The most that can 
be done is to attempt to restore their vigour by judicious removal 
of all weakly shoots and of the less productive wood. What can 
be done in bad cases is shown in the photographs reproduced in 
Plate III, which were taken in the nursery under M. Peychaud’s 
charge at Harwan. But the greatest care should be taken to secure 
clean-cut wounds, and where the axe is used at all, it should be 
followed by trimming with a sharp knife. The methods followed 
at Harwan may be taken asa safe guide. 
As already mentioned, Coryneum Mori can grow on dead 
mulberry wood on the ground. It is not less common on dead 
twigs found on the trees, and every such twig left may serve to 
increase the production of spores and the consequent danger of 
infection to healthy parts. 
The systematic pruning of the trees is called for not only on 
account of the necessity of removing all dead and weakly twigs 
and useless wood in view of the manner in which the injurious 
action of the twig fungus is favoured by their presence, but also 
because of the improvement in the quality and amount of leaf 
which it causes. The two photographs reproduced in Plate III 
show the result of pruning. ‘They were taken from trees of the 
same variety growing near together and about the same age. The 
pruned tree is thickly covered with strong leaf-bearing shoots and 
the leaves are large. It was entirely free from disease. In the 
