14 MULBERRY DISEASE. 
the under surfaces of healthy leaves where they germinate and give 
rise to a fungus web which sends sucker-branches into the leaf. 
A second spore-form is known but has only been found on a 
small number of leaves. It is produced in little hard reddish black 
receptacles visible to the naked eye as small, round, shining 
grains lying on the surface of the old webs (fig. 6). Inside each 
is a number of thin-walled sacks within which two or three spores 
are ultimately developed. It is probable that the latter ripen slow- 
ly, as mature spores were not found in any of those examined. 
This spore-form is concerned with the transmission of the fungus 
from season to season and through periods when food in the shape 
of living leaves is not available. 
Though, as already said, treatment has not been tried, experi- 
ence with allied diseases enables one to say with fair confidence that 
sulphur dusting, as practised in the vineyards against vine mildew 
( Oidium ), is likely to prove successful. Or the leaves may be 
sprayed with potassium sulphide (liver of sulphur) solution, made 
by dissolving half an ounce of the sulphide in a pint of hot water 
and making up to one gallon with cold water. This is not likely 
to be required except in the nurseries, and from what I saw in 1908, 
is not at present required there. 
The mildew is more destructive to young plants than to full- 
grown trees. Its attacks are likely to be worst in low-lying places 
and like most mildews damp hanging ground-fogs greatly favour 
its spread. Hence, in opening new nurseries, the site should be 
selected so as to avoid these conditions as far as possible. Similar- 
ly in planting out the nursery trees in the villages, high ground 
should be selected in preference to low, particularly in the lower 
parts of the valley, adjoining the Wular and Dal Lakes. 
Mu.tperry TrRuNK-Rov. 
*olyporus hispidus ( Bull.) Fr. 
Tnis fungus belongs to the class of the large bracket-fungi 
which are familiar objects on the trunks of trees and on old logs. 
[t is extremely common on mulberries and was found also attacking 
