INFANTILE MORTALITY 195 



was defective in many civic qualities, and to some extent 

 in physical qualities. Leaving out a few people whom we 

 cannot regard as produced ivithin the stock and a few 

 whose sex we could not ascertain, there were in this 

 pedigree of paupers, sixty-nine males and fifty-eight 

 females. But it is to be noted that this stock did not 

 show any heavy rate of infantile mortality. In that 

 respect it approximated pretty nearly to the normal of the 

 nation as a whole. Another pauper pedigree* which I 

 have examined, in which five children died in infancy and 

 three were stillborn, gave among the survivors ten males 

 and eight females. Here we have a manifestation of low 

 viability, and yet the males and not the females are in 

 excess. In another pedigree of paupers, published by 

 Mr. E. S. Lidbetter,! which contains a total of one 

 hundred and eleven persons, J forty-five are males and 

 thirty-two are females. That the stock is of low viability 

 is shown by the fact that more than twenty per cent, died in 

 infancy, 1 1 and of those who remained seventeen died of 

 some tubercular disease or from fits, or were lunatics or 

 imbeciles. This by no means represents the worst of the 

 stock, for I have left out many who died in the infirmary 

 from diseases not specified on the chart. 



But from the standpoint of our present inquiry the 

 general fact seems obvious that a degenerate stock does 

 not always — as in Dr. Rutherfurd's two pedigrees — beget 

 or preserve an excess of females. Indeed, the workhouse 

 pedigrees and two of his unpublished charts seem to give 

 an excess of males. 



The subject deserves further inquiry, but it is not 

 within the scope of our present purpose to pursue it 

 further. 



* Eugenics Education Review, Nov., 1910, Vol. II., No. 3, page 218. 



tOp. cit., page 228. 



X This includes twenty-one Avho died in infancy, and therefore mostly 

 of unremembered sex, and of persons introduced by marriage, neither of 

 whom I have reckoned in my calculation. Introductions by marriage do 

 not count as having been produced within the stock. 



II Seventeen persons introduced by marriage have to be deducted 

 from the total of 111. 1 



