12 



But in 1861 the exportation of clover seed was Si, 063, 141 ; in 1862 only 

 $299,255. If none had been exported, then the 881,918 bushels would have 

 sown 7,055,344 acres each year, at eight acres to the bushel of clover seed. If 

 allowed to remain two years before being ploughed up, there would be in 

 clover, in the loyal States, 14,110,688 acres. If the other grasses sowed six 

 acres to the bushel, the seed of these Avould sow 4,750,188 acres. If these 

 remained in meadow and pastures live years before being turned over, in that 

 time the number of acres sown would be 23,750,940 acres, making together 

 37,861,628. The following table exhibits the number of acres of iuaproved 

 lands in the loyal States in 1850 and 1860. In the latter year they were 

 104,816,513 acres. Deduct from these the acres in grass, and those under 

 plough cultivation would be 66,954,885 acres. 



This would present a healthy condition of agricultural production, if the 

 clover fields, when ploughed up, had full crops on them; if the aftermath of 

 the meadows had not been pastured, and the pasture grounds not eaten down, 

 during the year prior to their being ploughed up. But too seldom are these 

 crops left on the field. Hence our soils are not sufficiently restored from the 

 exhaustion caused by cereal, tobacco and other crops. 



Table of improved lands in loyal States. 



Maine 



New Hampshire. 



Vermout 



Massachusetts 



Rhode Island . . . 

 Connecticut 



•2 

 2 



] 



Kew York 12 



1850. 



New Jersey.. 

 Pennsylvania 



Man- land 



Delaware 



Kentucky 



Ohio...'. 



Michigan 



Indiana 



Illinois 



Missouri 



Wisconsin 



Iowa 



Minnesota 



Kansas 



California 



Acres. 



>, 039, 596 



25] , 488 

 6U] , 409 

 i:«,436 

 356, 847 

 768, 178 

 408, 964 

 767, 991 

 623,619 

 797, 905 

 580, 862 

 968, 270 

 851 , 493 

 929,110 

 046, 543 

 039, 545 

 938, 425 

 045, 499 

 824, 682 

 5,035 



32, 454 



Increase in loyal States 



70,011,351 



1860. 



Acres. 



2, 677, 216 



2, 367, 039 

 2, 758, 443 

 2,155,512 



329, 884 

 1,830,808 



14.376,397 

 1,944,445 



1(1, 463, 306 



3, 002, 269 

 637, 065 



7,644,217 



12,665,587 



3,419,861 



8,161,717 



13,251,473 



6, 246, 871 



3. 746, 036 



3, 780, 253 



554, 397 



372, 8:55 



2, 430, 882 



104,816,513 

 70, 01 1 , 351 



34, 805, 162 



Between 1850 and 1860, the increase in improved lands, it will be seen, is 

 34,805,162. But the increase in clover and grass seeds, according to the rate 

 per acre sown, and the time the fields are left unbroken, as above stated, would 

 sow only 22,536,646 acres — about one-third less. Hence, although the increase 

 in the production of these seeds has been gratifying, yet it should have been 

 one-third greater, to have kept pace with the increase in improved lands. 

 Whatever number of acres of these lands have been kept in permanent pastures 

 has been more than counterbalanced by the exportation of the seeds, and hence 



