16 



Mercantile, manufacturing, and trading wealth and profits for 1864. 



Connecticut 5, 832 $145, 588, 000 



Delaware 1,150 24,701,000 



District of Columbia 1, 282 17, 448, 000 



Illinois 12,215 207, 508, 000 



Indiana 8,512 134,240,000 



Iowa 5,052 38,532,000 



Kansas* 438 3,357,000 



Kentucky* 1,528 39,559,000 



Louisiana,* (New Orleans, only) 802 50, 794, 000 



Maine 4,982 99,293,000 



Maryland 3, 665 102, 359, 000 



Massacliusetts 17, 302 868, 815, 000 



Michigan 5,934 83,943,000 



Missouri* 3,263 81,334,000 



Minnesota 979 7,602,000 



New Hampshire 2, 851 38, 685, 000 



New Jersey 5,910 90,250,000 



New York 36, 932 1, 677, 204, 000 



Ohio ] 7, 005 310, 725, 000 



Pennsylvania 22, 941 733, 296, 000 



Ehode Island 2, 487 115, 704, 000 



Vermont 2, 494 19, 989, 000 



Wisconsin 5,369 53,775,000 



Total 168, 925-. 4, 944, 766, 000 



WINTER WHEAT AND SPRING WHEAT. 



The annexed letter to the Commissioner of Agriculture raises the question, 

 What is the essential difference between winter and spring wheat 1 We now 

 know that one must be sown in the fall, the other in the spring, for a reverse 

 sowing would cause the spring wheat to be killed, and the winter wheat not to 

 ripen timely its grain, and to yield but a light crop if ripened. Still the one 

 can, by gradual changes, be turned into the other. Hence there is no radical 

 difference between them. The difference, as we can now see it, appears to be 

 climatic only. 



Individuals have sometimes sown winter wheat so late in the season that 

 the seed did not exhibit any surfiice growth imtil February; yet with a favor- 

 able season it has produced a good crop. Whether this, like the experiment 

 stated in the letter, is an accidental result, or that sprouting the seed and ex- 

 posure to cold so hastens the change of the elements of the seed that the 

 growing plant derives a nutritious support so rapidly as not to require an earlier 

 sowing, are questions about which many conjectures might be made, but the 



* These States, in consequence of the disorganized state of trade caused by the rebellion 

 are not fully represented. 



