ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS ADAPTED TO MINNESOTA. 73 



Mr. Older : I have attended the meetings of the South Dakota 

 Horticultural Society. They have divided the state into districts. 

 The southern part of the state does not compare with the central 

 and northern any more than New York compares with Minnesota. 

 Their conditions are entirely different, and in this state it is a great 

 deal the same way. In our part of the state if we plant Norway 

 spruce it is simply thrown away, and if we plant a lot of them we 

 may save one of two. The Norwav spruce wants protection from 

 the winds. I found at Woonsocket if you plant apple trees 

 east on the sandy land and plant them shallow, they will surely die. 

 and if vou go north on the gumbo land and plant them deep thev will 

 die. If the trees are to live thev must be planted deep on sandv land 

 and on gumbo land they must be planted about as they were in the 

 nursery row. 



The Chairman : I would like to sav that the Norwav spruce is 

 the most desirable spruce, is the most desirable tree to plant in the 

 state. I will say that it will produce from sixtv to one hundred cords 

 of wood in thirty-five vears, pulp wood, worth from six to seven dol- 

 lars per cord at the mill. I think it can be planted for profit, and the 

 Minnesota forestry reserve board is going to take up this matter. 



Mr. Moyer : About two-thirds of our trees are Scotch pine, 

 and about one-half the remainder are Austrian pine, and we have 

 about the same number of pinus ponderosa. The Scotch pine are 

 about six feet high, the Austrian pine about half as high and the 

 pinus ponderosa a little higher than the Austrian. They all seem 

 verv hardv. 



Mr. Yahnke : Would they not make a good windbreak ? 



Mr. Moyer : I think so, although I think thev would lose their 

 lower branches and become open. I might also speak about the 

 white spruce. It has done very well with me. Thirteen years ago I 

 planted thirteen white spruce, and they are all alive today, and they 

 are placed where they get a good sweep of wind. 



Mr. S. O. Tuve : Is there anv difference in hardiness between 

 the Black Hills spruce and the ordinary spruce? 



Prof. Hansen: The Black Hills spruce is our hardiest form 

 of spruce. I think there may be a slight difference between the two. 

 I think Mr. Norby has had more experience, and he may be in a 

 position to tell the difference if there is any. I think those from 

 the far east are not adapted to the west. 



Mr. Norby : I had the two growing for several years. I think 

 there is some difference, especially in hardiness, as the Black Hills 

 spruce is the hardier of the two. The white spruce stands very well 

 with us after it gets two or three feet up, but before that the sun 

 will sometimes burn the foliage in winter. The Black Hills spruce is 

 very hardy, but it is a slow grower and is a more compact tree 

 than any I have. 



The Chairman : Is the plant distinct from the ordinary white 

 spruce ? 



