6 c;EOLOGY and economic minerals or northern new BRUNSWICK. 



counties, particularly Gloucester and Restigouche, and examined 

 the whole coast of the Bale des Chaleurs from the boundary of 

 the Carboniferous at Bath urst to the Restigouche River, after- 

 wards traversing the interior of the province to the upper St. 

 John. Although his survey was almost entirely of a prelimi- 

 nary character,he nevertheless made the first classification of the 

 rocks of the region according to their stratigraphical relations 

 and the few fossils they contained, subdividing them into (1) 

 Coal measures, (2) Silurian, (3) Cambrian, and (4) Granite and 

 trap, — a classification which, considering that the study of geo- 

 logy was then in it^ infancy, has proved to be very nearly cor- 

 rect for the northern section of the province. The geological 

 map wnich Dr. Gesner had in preparation about this time, the 

 first geological nuip of New Brunswick, though never completed, 

 is still in existence ; but T am not aware that the formations of 

 the northern counties are represented on it. 



The next exploration of northern New Brunswick of which 

 we have any account was that made in 1843 by Sir J. W. T^ogan, 

 then Director of the Geological Survey of Canada. Sir William, 

 after completing his section of the Joggins coal measures in 

 Cumberland Co., N. S., is said to have walked along the whole 

 New Brunswick coast from Baie Verte to Bath urst for the pur- 

 pose of examining the great Carboniferous basin of this province. 

 He was especially interested in tracing out its northern and 

 western boundaries and ascertaining whether the Carboniferous 

 rocks extended around the southern coast of the Gulf of St. Law- 

 rence into the Province of Quebec. From Bathurst he seems to 

 have travelled around the west shore of the Baie des Chaleurs in 

 a canoe. "I have with me," he says, "at my own charges, a 

 young man of the name of Stevens from Bathurst, a son of Mr. 

 Stevens who established the Gloucester iNIining Company in New 

 Brunswick. Knowing something of mineral exploration, having 

 a dash of the necessary enthusiasm, and being accustomed to 

 rough it in the woods, able to handle an axe, manage a canoe 

 and fit up a camp, as they call it, I anticipate, with his assistance, 

 getting along with economy and despatch." In thus tracing the 

 Carboniferous rocks he wished to ascertain whether the true coal 

 measures existed in the Gaspe peninsula, as reports had got 



