266 Messrs. Jackson and Alger on the 
stances, a few of which may be mentioned here, and others in 
treating of the two great divisions of the country which remain to 
be described. The occurrence of native copper in the trap-tuff 
and amygdaloid, and the unreduced ore of this metal in the sand- 
stone beyond the influence of trap, may be regarded as evidence in 
favor of this ; while the conversion of claystone into fine red jasper, 
as itentered the superincumbent trap, the cylindrical cavities in the 
amygdaloid at St.Croix Cove, and even the existence of vacant sphe- 
roidal cavities may be considered as internal evidence in support of 
the same theory. The change of colorin the sandstone from grey to 
red, the compactness of the strataas they approach the trap, and the 
charred state of the vegetable remainsin the contiguous strata, 
afford sufficient proof, that, during the formation of the secon- 
dary trap in Nova Scotia, there was considerable heat. The 
sharp fragments of the breccia, and the breaking up of the strata, 
also show, that the production of this rock, or rather its non-con- 
formable position on the sandstone strata, was effected suddenly. 
Whether it was ejected from the inaccessible depths of the Ba- 
sin of Mines, or was thrown directly up through the strata of 
sandstone, we cannot determine ; but the occurrence of the trap 
only on the borders of the basin would lead us to the belief 
that this cavity was the crater, if it may be so called, from 
which, in former times, the trap rocks issued ; while the North 
mountain range, with but little breadth compared with its length, 
and but once broken in its continuity, seems to have been thrown 
up by one sudden and violent eruption from the unfathomable 
depths of the bay of Fundy, which is now skirted by its ancient 
lava. 
If we were biased in favor of any theory of the earth, when 
exploring these formations, it was for that of Werner; and be- 
