284 Messrs. Jackson and Alger on the 
and has even been traced west of the River St. Johns. But no 
description of its characters, either fossil or mineral, has yet ap- 
peared; and as those places are beyond he limits of our observa- 
tions, we must content ourselves with a brief notice of the quarries 
at the South Joggin and Apple River on the Nova Scotia shore. 
At the former place the best grindstones are obtained, and 
wrought on the shore of Cumberland Bay. They are preferred 
when obtained at a considerable depth from the superficial strata, 
and are always taken at low water as deep as possible from the 
surface. Two or three layers are first removed which make 
inferior grindstones, and then the best ones are procured. In 
cutting the stones, the workmen frequently meet with hard round- 
ed nodules which they call “bull’s eyes,” and which always 
condemn the stones as useless. They differ from the surrounding 
matrix only in being more compact and having less of the argilla- 
ceous basis, and breaking with a conchoidal fracture. The 
“buli’s eyes” vary from one to ten inches in diameter, and 
sometimes they include a smaller spheroid as a nucleus within 
the larger. 
Near the mouth of Apple River, grindstones are also quarried 
in the same manner as those of the South Joggin; they are not 
of so good a quality, but in other respects they are like those 
already described. The rock of which the grindstones are made 
consists of irregularly rounded grains of quartz, which are trans- 
parent and colorless or slightly tinged red, green, or blue, with a 
few spangles of mica and grains of felspar interpersed through 
the mass. The grains are usually minute, not often exceed- 
ing the size of a mustard seed. They are united by an argilla- 
ceous cement, which exists in a small proportion to the whole. 
This rock contains numerous remains of culmiferous plants, which 
