Mr. Paine’s Observations of Latitudes and Longitudes. 339 
altitude in the city of New York, at any hour of the day; and 
in Philadelphia the motion of vehicles permitted of the admeas- 
urement of only one, when the sun was on, or very near, the 
meridian ; in the afternoon, however, this difficulty was not often 
experienced there, so that, in general, observations for the error 
of the chronometer could easily be made. 
The latitude of each place was deduced from each altitude ; 
and the result thereof is stated. No observation was in any 
instance rejected. For the longitude, the rate of the chro- 
nometer was depended on, with one exception only, for not 
more than two days. The chronometer, as has already been 
mentioned, was but little affected by motion; when, however, 
it had been carried over the rough roads of Virginia, it exhib- 
ited a tendency to accelerate, but so uniformly as not to impair 
its usefulness ; thus at Philadelphia, at Norfolk, and during the 
first week of my residence in Richmond, it gained one second 
daily ; during the second week 1.5 second, while I was absent 
in the interior of Virginia 2.1 seconds; at Washington and 
Baltimore 2.7 seconds; and in Philadelphia, New York, and 
Providence, 3.1 seconds. 
On account of the inclemency and tempestuousness of the 
weather after the 21st of November (the beginning of the win- 
ter), the number of observations I was enabled to make at 
Washington and Baltimore was smaller than was desired; never- 
theless the results of them are now submitted, with the hope 
that future observations will show them to be close approxima- 
tions to the truth. 
It may be proper to remark, that Doctor Young’s Refrac- 
tions, corrected for the aititude of the barometer and thermome- 
ter, were used in the reductions. 
