322 CONTEIBUTION TO THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE MAMMOTH. 



seems necessary to construct a more nearly correct picture, based on 

 our present knowledge. I have ventured on this task, because as a 

 member of the latest expedition for mammoth remains I was per- 

 mitted not only to become acquainted with this newest find while still 

 in its place of deposit and to take part in exhuming it, but also to 

 visit the zoological museum of St. Petersburg, which is so rich in 

 mammoth remains, for the purj^ose of studying the animal more in 

 detail." 



The trunk is lacking entirely in the Beresovka Mammoth, and 

 the soft parts of the liead (except the tongue) were destroyed in this 

 new specimen. The trunk, however, probably differed scarcely at all 

 in form from that of the recent elephants. The numerous figures 

 found in the caves of southern France, a part of which the dwellers 

 in these caves drew on the walls, and a part engraved on pieces of 

 bone, indicate to us that the men of the stone age knew the mammoth 

 very well, and even hunted it. 



These drawings ail show a strongly-developed trunk and give us, 

 besides, many other noteworthy clues regarding the exterior of the 

 mammoth. Very interesting is a published "' mammoth ■' drawing of 

 this kind Avhich was found in the year 1894: in the cave " La Mouthe," 

 in Dordogne, and of which I was made acquainted shortly before the 

 l^rinting of my work.'' In this drawing, which is executed in a quite 

 childish fashion, with only a few strokes, the old artist has, above all, 

 represented the characteristic position of the tusks in a very striking 

 manner; the short tail is also indicated by one stroke, and a powerful 

 trunk is likewise to be seen in the drawing. As this sketch, made cen- 

 turies ago by a human contemporary of the mammoth, sustains in 

 a gratifying manner my view of the position of the tusks in the full- 

 grown animal (to be explained below), I have copied it in fig. 1. 



The old mammoth skeleton of the zoological museum (of St. 

 Petersburg), exhumed in 1806 in the Lena delta, still shows to-day 

 the parth-preserved and blackened soft parts of the head. A 

 Yakutsk merchant, Boltunoff, saw this mammoth many years before 

 the arrival of Adams in an alleged better state of j^reservation, and 

 speaks, in his description (still extant) of the carcass, of a long trunk 

 which he noticed on the head. 



Boltunoff also saw both ears on the Adams mammoth head, and 

 gives their length as 6 Werschok (26.5 cm.). One, the right ear, is 

 still preserved, and as it is complete it shows us that in the mam- 



o I will not neglect to mention that in the development of my restoration in 

 water color, as well as in the preparation of the text figures, I received much 

 assistance through the artistic skill of my wife. 



6 I owe this " mammoth " sketch to the kindness of the archeologist, Count 

 P. A. Putjatin. It is published in Emile Riviere's " The engraved and painted 

 walls of the cave of La Mouthe (Dordogne)," pi. 2, fig. B. Paris, 1905. 



