CONTRIBUTION TO THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE MAMMOTH. 329 



This tooth is very well preserved. From the alveolar j^art a portion 

 about the pulp wall of not more than 5 cm. in length is broken off. 

 The conical top of the pulp cavity, about 6 cm. deep, is still present. 

 From the tip a small piece is broken off. Of this very interesting 

 tooth Lgive a figure showing the outer surface from the side, with an 

 indication of its position in the skull (fig. 3a), and also a view^ from 

 in front (fig. 3/>). 



As it is an important point in my exposition relative to the position 

 and direction of fully developed (or, in 

 other words, strongly sjDirally twisted) ^=^-^^ , 



mammoth tusks in the alveoli, I must in- 

 sist that the smaller left tusk described 

 above can not, as Pohlig asserts, be a right 

 tusk. Its position in the alveolus as a 

 right tooth is entirely inconceivable, and. 

 l)esides, its entire form and curvature 

 show that it is a left tooth. 



During my journey in Siberia I saw 

 many larger and smaller fragments of 

 shorter and hence still more strongh' spi- 

 rally curved mammoth tusks in the stock 

 of Russian and Yakutsk traders in fossil 

 ivory. The smaller tusks, which are easy 

 to transport, are mostly brought in entire 

 to these traders by the ivor}' collectors, 

 while the large tusks, on account of being 

 difficult to transport, are commonly cut 

 up where found. 



The abraded surfaces (marked " a " and 

 shaded in the outline of the right incisor 

 in fig. 35), are found on both the large 

 tusks represented in my restoration, as 

 Avell as on the exterior of the last-described 

 smaller tusk— that is, on the front of its 

 ends, running right and left. They in- 

 clude almost the whole anterior face of 

 the downward-directed portion of the tusk. 

 In the two large teeth the abraded surfaces 

 measure from the tip upward about 120 cm. 

 two, on the anterior side of the end, directed somewhat inward, an 

 original abraded surface is recognizable, 30 cm. long and 7 cm. broad 

 at the middle. It has been gradually worn awa}'^ by the newW-made 

 second abrasion at the downward-curved tip of the tooth, and in the 

 right tooth of this pair has already entirely disajDpeared. The small 

 original abrasion, such as that found on the upper side of the end of 



Fig. 3(1. — Tusk of mammotli in St. 

 Petersburg Museum. 



On the left tusk of these 



