374 QUATERNARY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 



the glacial periods. Due to this, every one of the ice invasions in 

 Middle and Western Europe manifested, even in regions where it 

 left no geological traces, a distinct arctic-alpine fauna. 



Penck endeavored to apply his geological chronology also to the 

 known sites of quaternar}^ man, but he encountered difficulties on 

 account of finding only the so-called Magdalenian stations in direct 

 connection with the glacial deposits. This circumstance made it 

 possible to eventually determine the late postglacial age of these par- 

 ticular remains. The more ancient stations of the Solutrean mam- 

 moth hunters lie in the loess, far from the Alpine ice centers and 

 without a direct connection with these, and the determination of their 

 exact antiquity presents more obstacles. However, on the base of the 

 information then extant, Penck constructed the following clirono- 

 logical scheme : 



I. Glacial period. 



1. Interglar-iiil period. 

 II. Glacial period. 



2. Interglacial period : Chelleen culture. 



III. Glacial period: Mousterian culture (cold climate). 



3. Interglacial period. 



(a) Warm — Mousterian culture (end). 



(b) Cool — Solutrean culture. 

 l\. Glacial period. 



Postglacial time — Magdalenian culture. 



It was the above chronology which I have utilized in my writings 

 (including the French version of this paper). Since the publications 

 in L'Anthropologie, however, my geological and archeological inves- 

 tigations in Villefranche and the Pyrenees resulted in new evidence, 

 on the basis of which I must modify the above scheme as follows: 



I. Glacial period. 



1. Interglacial period. 

 II. Glacial period. 



2. Interglacial i>eriod. 

 III. Glacial period. 



.S. Interglacial period. 



(c) Warm — Chelleen culture. 

 (6) Cool — Achelleen culture. 



IV. Glacial period : Mousterian culture. 

 Postglacial time. 



(a) Solutrean culture. 

 (6) Magdalenian culture. 



This new and more satisfactory chronology relating to the geo- 

 logically ancient man of central Europe is sustained also for the 

 Alps by the recent discovery of a joaleolithic station at Santis (Can- 

 ton St.' Gallen). The " wildkirchli " cave in this locality, at 1,500 

 meters above the sea, shows intact Mousterian industry. This deposit 

 could have taken place only after the recession of the glaciers of the 

 fourth (lasfi icp luvasinn. 



