376 QUATERNARY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 



and presents a flat summit and steep precipices, contains nmneroiis 

 caves, the most spacious of which on the north is called bipka. Up 

 to the time of the explorations of Karel Maska this cave consisted 

 of a simple room meters long, 6 to 12 meters broad, and 1.50 to 2.50 

 meters high, the rear being completely filled with large pieces of 

 calcareous debris. The researches of Maska show that this debris 

 was the result of caving in of parts of the roof dating from the end 

 of the quaternary period, and that behind the mass of fallen rock 

 the cavern ran 55 meters more into the mountain. The following 

 account of this station is based on the publications of Maska and 

 personal information in the autumn of 1902 : 



Sipka is divided into three parts — an anterior portion alread}^ 

 mentioned ; a middle portion, 9 to 12 meters broad and 10 meters long, 

 filled up to Maska's excavations with pieces of the fallen roof, and 

 a posterior portion behind the great pieces of rock, about 30 meters 

 long and ending in a narrow fissure, which prevents farther advance. 

 In the left side of this last portion is a narrow and low lateral cham- 

 ber, known as the " badger-hole," which runs 15 meters and opens on 

 the outside of the mountain. Explorations in this compartment have 

 shown that it also was closed before the end of the quaternary. 



The deposits found in the cave and their stratigraphic relations 

 were as follows : 



Cave Sipka. 



As high up as layer (h) the quaternary fauna was intact, showing 

 no mixture with the modern. Layer {h) showed, in the anterior 

 portion of the cave, remnants of Rangifer tarcmdiis, Elephas primi- 

 (/enius, and Rhinoceros fkhorhiiins, with two fireplaces and some 

 flint chix^s. In the middle compartment this layer yielded bones of 



