QUATERNARY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 377 



Myodes torqiiatns, Lagojjus alhiis and alpim/s, Lagomys j^us'tlhis^ and 

 Spennojyhilus rufescens. The same arctic-alpine fauna was associated 

 in the posterior chamber Avith a well-marked archeological deposit 

 showing several fireplaces and yielding flint implements of the superior 

 l^aleolithic type. Layer {el) inclosed the Elephas pnmhjea'ius^ Rhi- 

 noceros tichorhinns, and a predominance of Equus cahallus, whereas 

 Rangifer tarandus was missing. Archeological specimens were numer- 

 ous, especially in the inferior parts of this layer, and consisted of 

 crude, atypical implements, made mostly from quartzite. Layer {c2) 

 consisted in its superior portion of a mass containing numerous rem- 

 nants of carnivores; it was 0.5 meter in thickness and showed no 

 traces of the presence of man. Layer (<-/), inclosing the principal 

 archeological dejiosit, contained also arctic-alpine fauna, includ- 

 ing Gido horealis^ Myodes torquatns, Rangifer tdrandi/s^ CapeJIn 

 rupicapra, C'apra (/hex?), Arctomys sp., Rhinoceros fichorhinus, 

 Elej)has primigenivs, Ursits spelreus, Bos primigenius, Equus enhcd- 

 lus. The implements, about 3,000 in number, are with few excep- 

 tions only formless, rudimentary, quartzite spalls; they were dis- 

 seminated through and about the fireplaces and were mixed with 

 calcined bones. 



xV piece of human lower jaw was discovered at the side of a fire- 

 place situated at the point where the middle portion of the cave 

 ends and the hadger hole commences. The fragnnent was in layer 

 id), at the depth of 1.40 meters, near the lateral wall, and lay in 

 ashes. The middle portion of the bone is alone preserved; it con- 

 tains three incisors, the tAvo right bicuspids, and one right molar. 

 The incisors are worn off to the cement. The bone shows that it had 

 been subjected to the heat of ashes, if not directly to fire. Its color 

 is identical Avith that of the animal bones found near by and in 

 undisturbed deposits. 



There is no doubt that this lower jaAv belongs to the la^^er in Avhich 

 it was found, and that it is the most ancient human bone from the 

 quaternary period in Austria. 



THE DEPOSITS OF KRAPINA. 



The human remains found by Gorjanovid-Kramberger in the 

 quaternary, diluvial deposits near Krapina, in Croatia, consisted of 

 the fragments of 10 or 12 skulls, a large number of teeth, and many 

 more or less defective other parts of the skeleton. They were in 

 undisturbed layers, and Avith them Avere bones of a hot climate fauna 

 {Rhinoceros Mercki), as well as a quantity of typical Mousterian 

 implements. Some of the pieces of human bones are calcined; in 

 general they are in a bad state of preservation. 



