QUATERNARY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 879 



roal objects of art, approachino; closel^y the cliefs-d'opuvre of the 

 glyi)tie period in France. It is regrettable that a thorough descrip- 

 tion of these collections is still Avanting. 



The great scientitic value of the Pfedmost finds is augmented by 

 the discoveries of human bones. Wankel found a portion of a human 

 lower jaAY, belonging apparently to an adult female. It is preserved 

 in the museum in Olomouc, and is undoubtedly of quaternary age. 

 It is figured by Wankel in the Casopis Musejui Spolecnosti, Olomouc, 

 1884, page 96, and by MaSka in his Der diluviale Mensch in Maehren, 

 1886, page 103. Besides this, KH2, in his most recent publication 

 (Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Quartaers in Maehren, 190P>, pp. 236- 

 268, with figures) describes a series of human skeletal remains from 

 the Pfedmost excavations, found b}' himself, and including a skull 

 of a 12-3^ear-old child, 2 fragments of lower jaw^s from young sub- 

 jects, 18 pieces of skulls, 2 humeri, 2 ulnae, a portion of a radius, and 

 parts of 2 femurs; in all, the remains of about 6 individuals. In 

 front of the skull of the child are still fixed some bones and teeth of 

 the blue fox. The conscientious methods of Kfiz permit of no doubt 

 that all these bones belong to the undisturbed quaternary layers 

 which have yielded the numerous archeological specimens. 



The discoveries of human bones by Maska at Pfedmost have not 

 yet been published in detail. From personal information which the 

 writer obtained from him, Maska found a sepulchre containing 14 

 complete skeletons and the remains of 6 other individuals. Ten skulls, 

 of which 6 belonged to adults and 1 to adolescents, are completely 

 restored. They are dolichocephalic, and those of males have well- 

 developed supraorbital arches. The length of the femurs shows that 

 the people were of tall stature. Hradisko furnished also some geo- 

 logically recent burials, but the bones discovered by Maska are sepa- 

 rated from all of these by plain stratigraphic evidence. The quater- 

 nar}^ archeological deposits lay above these skeletal remains, which 

 were found in general beneath those of a more recent origin. There 

 were also different coloration of the bones and different modes of 

 burial. According to Maska's records, the bodies in the quarternary 

 burials were completely surrounded with a wall of stones, a usage 

 practiced to this day by arctic peoples. Nevertheless the bones of 

 blue foxes and of wolves show" that these animals succeeded in gain- 

 ing approach to the human bodies and in destroying some parts of 

 them. This explains also the isolated finds of Wankel and Kfiz. 

 Nothing was found buried wdth the skeletons. One of the individ- 

 uals, a child, had about its neck a collar made of 14 small ivory 

 pearls, looking like those wdiich have been recovered in the middle 

 or Solutrean layer at Spy. 



The stratigraphic evidence shows incontestably that there was at 

 Pfedmost an intentional sepulcher, dating very probably to an epoch 



