QUATEENARY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 881 



objects was not intentional. The sknll is colored in part only, and 

 what is red shows much irregularity in the quantity of the pigment; 

 and the same is true of the other parts of the skeleton, the large disks, 

 some of the smaller ones, and of the Dentalium. This intense red 

 was also communicated to the bones of animals and the teeth of a 

 horse Avhich lay near the body, and on these the coloration presents 

 similar irregularities as that on the human bones. The exauiples of 

 loess from next to the body contain a large number of red grains and 

 show irregular patches of coloration. This last fact is explicable 

 only on the hypothesis that red pigment, which does not exist natur- 

 ally in the loess, was thrown about the otherwise highly-decorated 

 body. The grains of pigment remained intact in the loess, but they 

 disintegrated over the bones and other objects and imparted to these 

 the red coloration." This demonstrates also that in the case of the 

 Brno skeleton we have to deal with a quaternary, intentional burial, 

 of a nature known from several other localities in central and 

 western Europe. 



THE GUDENUSHOEHLE. 



The Gudenus cavern is situated 20 kilometers northwest of the city 

 of Krems, in the valley of the Little Krems, not far from Willendorf, 

 in Lower Austria. The cave is 22 meters long by 2 to 3 meters in 

 breadth and is situated 7.5 meters above the level of the stream. 

 The deposits showed on exi)loration as follows : 



(a) Layer of recent rubbish, cm. 



(h) A quaternary nrcheologieal deposit, thickest in front of the entrance 

 and in the southern part of the cave, 28 cm. 



(c) Cave loam, 6 cm. 



((f) Cave loam, with many luibrolien bones of animals, 12G era. 



if) Sand containing no specimens, 05 cm. 



(ff) Clay, with rubbish, 22 cm. 



(70 Bed rock. 



The archeological deposit contained about 1,300 implements made 

 of fliut and numerous utensils of bone and horn of the reindeer period 

 or JNIagdalenian types. The fainia of the same layer was that of the 

 arctic-alpine climate {Elephas primigenlus, Rhinoceros flchor/wvus, 

 Bos primigenius, Capella riihicapra, Rangifer tai^andiis, Cervus 

 elaphus^ etc.). According to Woldfich this deposit 3aelded also a 

 tooth of an infant. 



THE LIECHTENSTEIN CAVE. 



About 20 meters west of the cave known as Bockova-di'ra, which 

 will be dealt with later on (see p. 387), in establishing a stone quarry, 

 a party of workmen in 1902 came across a rock shelter, the roof of 



«See in this connection A. Hrdlicka, "The painting of human bones among 

 the American Aborigines." Smithsonian Report for 1904, pp. 607-617, Pis. I-III. 



