QUATERNARY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 385 



skull was dug out in a brickyard near the settlement of Strebocho- 

 vice and lay 2 meters deep in the loess, with some bones of a rhi- 

 noceros. Professor Fric came to the conclusion that the appearance 

 of the skull is not in favor of great antiquity, nevertheless, he reports 

 it with that of Podbaba. The writer can only say that there are no 

 reliable data by wdiich to fix the inhumation of the skull in the loess 

 deposit. 



(h) Finds in Moravia. 



DISCOVERIES IN THE VICINITY OF BKNO, CEKVEN'A HORA, SLAPANICE, HUSOVICE. 



The finds of apparently ancient human remains in several other 

 places in the vicinity of Brno besides that described under authentic 

 discoveries, has given rise to a lively scientific controversy. Makovsky 

 believed himself justified in regarding these as quaternary stations of 

 man. He published his views for the first time in 1887. but this was 

 subjected in 1889 to a severe criticism by Maska. In his response 

 which appeared in the same year, Makovsky maintains his opinions. 

 His notions concerning the (juaternary of ^Moravia are resumed in the 

 Bruemier Festschrift of 1891). and the writer's remarks are based 

 principally on this publication. 



At Cervena Hora, a little south of Brno, traces of quaternary man 

 were furnished to Makovsky by numerous shattered bones of the 

 mammoth, rhinoceros, horse, etc., by traces of incisions or scraping on 

 some of these pieces, and b}^ the evidence of the action of fire on some 

 others. He further cites a few implements of stone and bone, a 

 bleached and perforated fragment of the frontal bone of a horse, a 

 portion of a Dentalium, and three pieces of primitive pottery. 

 Finally several human skeletons were exhumed from close proximity 

 to these objects. 



So far as the w^orked bones are concerned, I must declare that I 

 have seen no piece in the collection of the polytechnic school in Brno 

 which would be incontestably a manufactured instrument or whose 

 form and condition of preservation could not be explained by natural 

 causes, such as pressure, rubbing, gnawing by animals, etc. Layers 

 of charcoal and bones incrusted with ashes exist, as Mr. Makovsky 

 mentions. Similar finds were made in many of the brickyards about 

 Brno; Maska equally affirms their existence. The writer himself has 

 seen them at Brno and in the loess at Krems (Lower Austria) ; E. 

 Schumacher encountered them in the loess of Alsace. They occur, as 

 here, at points where there is no other reason to affirm the presence of 

 man. These phenomena are explainable by fires of the steppes, 

 caused either by the quaternary man or by lightning. According to 

 this hypothesis, we should have to deal in these cases with fires other 

 than those of human beings. I adopt this explanation on account 

 SM 190(3 25 



