QUATERNARY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 387 



THE CAVE OF BYC'ISKALA. 



HoAvevor precious may be other discoveries in this cave, located in 

 the environs of Kiritin, there is no value to be attached to those of 

 human bones. Such bones have been recovered from dilferent ])arts 

 of the cave, and a radius with a tibia "was found lodged in a layer 

 Avhich contained quaternary remains of archeological nature, while 

 in the neighborhood of other remains were found bones of the cave 

 bear. Notwithstanding this, the antiquity of these skeletal frag- 

 ments of man is by no means established, which fact Avas recognized 

 by the explorer of the cave. Doctor "Wankel. himself. 



THE CAVE OF JACHYMKA. 



This cave consists of three portions or stories. In the middle 

 portion, in a travertin breccia, were found in 187G, according to 

 Doctor Wankel, numerous remains of quaternary industry, such as 

 chisels, pointed teeth, etc. In the superior portion were discovered, 

 with others, bones of reindeer, horse, and brown bear, with some flint 

 knives and shards of pottery, as well as aslies and remains of man 

 himself. The records of these finds can no longer be verified, and 

 I have searched in vain for the collection. 



CAVE BOCKOVA DIKA, NEAR LOUC. 



Four and a half kilometers Avest of the city of Litovel, in north- 

 western Moravia and near the village of Louc, is encountered a vast 

 complex of caves. The largest of these is called Bockova Dira, 

 though the name has been changed to that of *" the cave of Prince 

 Jan.'' Some explorations were made in this cave as early as 182G. 

 Methodical examinations of the contents were undertaken in 188G 

 by Hochstetter and Szombathy and resulted in finding bones of 

 quaternary animals, particularly Felis spelcea^ Ursus spelceus, Eqims 

 caballii-s^ Rangifer tarandus and Elephas pi'imigenias. With these 

 Avere recovered a fcAv archeological specimens belonging to the 

 Reindeer epoch culture. 



Besides the above, the explorers unearthed the skeletal remains 

 of at least five hinnan individuals, but it appears that these had no 

 relation Avith the quaternary relics. One of the skulls Avas Avell pre- 

 serA'ed, dolichocephalic in tj^pe, belonging to a male of about '20 

 years of age. Szombathy believes the human bones to be quaternary 

 for the reason that they Avere found Avith the bones of extinct species 

 of animals and shoAved the same state of preservation. But if Ave 

 take into account the fact that the human bones, a quantity of Avhich 

 had been discovered already in 1826, came from only 30 centimeters 

 beloAv the surface, that a piece of rotton cord Avas encountered in the 

 same place, and that the debris of a human skull lay irregularly 



