394 QUATERNARY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 



Gutmann skull and the bones from the neolithic burials both show a 

 people of small stature. The resemblance of the Egisheim skull to 

 those of these later discoveries makes it very probable that they are 

 cotemporaneous, though it should be remarked that the same hill 

 contains also other graves, ranging in age from the neolithic to those 

 of the time of the Francs. 



THE FINDS OF nOTXWETLER AND OF TAGOLSHEIM. 



The former consist of seven human skeletons, more or less com- 

 plete, discovered in 1869, with numerous fragments of pottery and 

 signs of its manufacture in place. The pottery dates probal)ly from 

 different epochs, all postquaternarv. The bones found at Tagolsheim 

 consist of the remains of fourteen human bodies, buried in symmet- 

 ricalh' made tombs in the loam and accompanied with some frag- 

 ments of crude pottery. Evidently they, also, can not be regarded as 

 quaternary. 



(e) THE RHINE PROVINCE. 

 THE DEPOSIT OF STEETEN-AM-LAHN. 



This find consists of the remains of at least eight human skele- 

 tons recovered from the uj^per part of the earth and debris in front of 

 a cave. In the same layer were found numerous flint implements and 

 bone of mammoth. The whole formed probably a part of the former 

 contents of the cave. The age of the human bones is uncertain. 



In a neighboring cave were found remains of paleolithic as well as 

 of neolithic culture, and even of the age of metals. Fragments of 

 human bones were dispersed nearly everywhere, but their age can not 

 be established. 



THE NEANDEKTHAL MAN. 



No other discovery has been so much discussed as that of the 

 Neander valley. The latest controversy concerning this find was car- 

 ried on between the geologists C. Koenen and TI. Rauffe. The latter 

 has published three studies which utilize in a masterly manner all 

 the information that can be had from the earlier reports and from 

 our actual geological knowledge. The writer has in a similar manner 

 arrived at the same conclusions as Rauife, and it will be sufficient to 

 report the decisions of the latter. 



The valley known as Neanderthal is traversed in part of its course 

 by the stream Duessel, which in one place penetrates the Devonian 

 limestones. This part of the valley is about 60 meters deep and the 

 sides show numerous caves. It was in one of these, known as the small 

 " Feldhofer Grotte," that the " Neanderthal man " was, in 1856, dis- 

 covered. The cave is on the left side of the river, about 25 meters 



