896 QUATERNAEY HUMAN REMAINS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 



OTHER CAVES IN RHINE-WESTPHALIA AND IN THURINGIA. 



Remains of human skeletons reported or appearing for a time as 

 of quaternary origin were discovered in the caves '' Buchenloch," 

 near Gerolstein ; the " Rauberhoehle," near Letmathe ; the " Balve,'' 

 on the Hoenne ; the " Bilstein-Hoehlen," near Warstein ; and a cave 

 near Poessneck, A critical study has in all these instances shown a 

 doubtful or a comparatively modern age of the specimens. 



THE SKULL OF RIXDORF. IN BRANDENBURG. 



Rixdorf, Avhich is celebrated for the paleontological remains in its 

 vicinity, has also given a human skull, which Krause held as sureh^ 

 quaternary. E. Friedel demonstrated subsequently that the specimen 

 dates from the commencement of the historic epoch. 



THIRD PART.— DISCOVERIES MADE IN SWITZERLAND. 



The paleolithic deposits which were thus far discovered in Switzer- 

 land are Avithout exception those of the reindeer age — that is, either 

 Solutrean (Kesserloch) or Magdalenian (all the other stations). The 

 investigations of Penck and Brueckner have demonstrated that man 

 did not appear in the country until long after the maximum stage of 

 the last (fourth) glacial period. 



Quaternary remains of the human skeleton were found only in the 

 caves of P^'reudenthal and Kesserloch. 



I. Human Jjones unquestionably quaternary. 



THE CAVE OF FREUDENTHAL. 



This cavern, situated in the immediate vicinity of Schaffhausen, 

 was explored in 1874 by Dr. H. Karsten, who found under a layer of 

 recent debris and tufa a stratum of fragments of Jurassic limestone 

 (from 40 to 60 centimeters in depth), which lower down gave place to 

 a brownish loam. These two levels gave the remains of Rangifer 

 tarandus, Ursus priscus, Ursus arctos, Cervus alces, Equus caJjallus, 

 Capra ibex, Cervus elaphus, Cervus capreolus, Elephas primigenius, 

 and others, besides which they revealed a rich Magdalenian deposit. 

 Here Karsten found also remains of man himself. Their strati- 

 graphic position leaves, according to this author, no doubt as to their 

 quaternary age; they belonged to the undisturbed Magdalenian de- 

 l^osits. The bones consist of a fragment of a parietal, wliicli lay in 

 the middle of a fireplace, not far from the lower jaw of an adolescent 

 individual; and of a series of other fragments of skulls, jaws, and 

 pelves. It is very desirable that the objects gathered in this cave be 

 made the subject of a new monograph, more comprehensive than the 



