434 SCALPING IN AMERICA. 



Ijater on, about 1691, the governor of Canada paid 10 crowns for 

 every scalp, 20 crowns for every white male captive, and 10 crowns 

 for a white female captive. Later on the scalp as well as the captive 

 price was lowered to 1 crown each, though the government officials 

 declared that 10 crowns for the scalp of every existing Iroquois would 

 be a good investment for Louis XIV. 



We have seen that it was the English who offered the first scalp 

 premiums, and it was the French who first extended such rewards 

 to the scalps of whites. This latter custom was, however, also adopted 

 before long bj^ the English colonists, and in 1693, but particularly in 

 1696, premiinns were offered explicitly for French scalps. The price 

 per scalp, perhaps on account of the poor Canadian treasury, w^as 

 always higher among the English than among the French. In 1707, 

 during Queen Anne's war, the English increased the Indian scalp 

 premium for those Avho were not employed by the government of the 

 colonies to £100. 



In 1703, during Queen Anne's war, the young French colony in 

 Louisiana began also to offer scalp rewards, commencing with 10 

 crowns for each scalp. After this the prices ranged conformably 

 with those in Canada. 



In later wars in Avhich the colonists were concerned scalp hunting 

 was incited to still greater intensity. The premiums were large, 

 ranging up to £100 for one scalp; and they applied to Indians as 

 Avell as to white enemies. The alluring profits and the growing 

 difficulty of securing the trophy led some to skillfully make two or 

 even more scalps out of one, and to other, more grave, abuses ; mem- 

 bers of friendly tribes and even the white countrymen of the scalpers 

 were not safe, and even graves w^ere made to yield victims. In June, 

 1755, General Braddock guaranteed his soldiers and Indians £5 for 

 every scalp of the enemy. A reward of $200 was jDrescribed for the 

 head of the Delaware chief Shingask and £100 for that of the Jesuit 

 Le Loutre. Scalp prices were offered by the State of Pennsylvania. 

 On the 7th of July, 1764, Governor Penn announced the following- 

 rewards : For every captured Indian more than 10 years old, $150 ; for 

 every scalp of a killed Indian, $134; for every captured woman 

 or boy under 10 years of age and belonging to the inimical tribes, 

 $130; and for every scaljD of a slain squaw, $50. 



The employment by the various colonies of friendly tribes as allies 

 in war fostered scalping. In 1693 Frontenac ceremoniously received 

 from Indians some scalps of the English. In 1746 Governor Clinton 

 received and counted in an open meeting some scalps of French- 

 men, honored with a nom de guerre the Indian leader whose band 

 secured them, and then had the Indians j^erform a war dance before 

 him, in which William Johnson, then the Iroquois agent and later 

 on a baronet and English general, appeared painted and half naked 



