ZOOLOGY AND MEDICINE. 451 



you have accomplished this in advance of other countries." This 

 remark of the ilhistrious English parasitologist was not to remain 

 as a mere empty phrase. Less than two years later the School of 

 Tropical Medicine at London established, in accordance with his 

 recommendation, a chair of protozoology and one of helminthology. 

 This examjile was soon followed by the School of Tropical Medicine 

 of Liverpool, where there was established a chair of animal para- 

 sitology, then by the universities of London and Cambridge, who 

 happily confided to Professors Minchin and Nuttall a new course 

 of instruction relating to the protozoa and their relations to disease. 



Thus were surpassed at one stroke the French faculties of medi- 

 cine, who could only ofTer in competition with these seasonable and 

 opportune innovations their time-worn instruction in medical natural 

 history. I have already mentioned under what influence this instruc- 

 tion became specialized as regards animal and vegetal parasitology, 

 exclusive of bacteria,'' but I regret to add that owing to the insuffi- 

 cient funds allowed it has often a merely theoretical character. Now, 

 we have shown what important problems it is urgently necessary to 

 solve and in what direction science ought now to proceed. The 

 researches which are now to be made can not be productive of satis- 

 factory results unless powerful and adequate means are employed. 

 I mean unless sufficiently large sums are furnished. Money is not 

 only the sinews of war; it is still more the sinews of science. Success 

 smiles on those who, abandoning theoretical and abstract speculations, 

 grapple closely with problems and tear from them their secrets. 



The schools of tropical medicine of London and Liverpool have 

 during the past five or six years done remarkable work in the field 

 of the parasitology of hot climates, not so much because of the excel- 

 lent quality of the eminent men Avho have conducted the new move- 

 ment, a quality which is certainly incontestable, as because of the 

 considerable subsidies that the generosity of the public has put at 

 their disposal. Other countries have attacked the matter in another 

 way. Germany, for example, has established at the imperial office of 

 public health {KaiserJiches Gesimdheitsamt) a section of animal 

 parasitology at whose head Doctor Schaudinn was jolaced and given 

 at once the title of councilor of state. This was a fitting supplement 

 to an institution that has already rendered most signal service, and 

 is a point of departure for further progress. But Schaudinn was 

 not to remain at the imperial office. He soon quitted it for the Naval 



o By a decree dated December 15, 1906, the chair of medical natural history of 

 the Faculty of Medicine of Paris ^yas transformed into a chair of parasitology 

 and medical natural history. This does not change in any way my functions or 

 my means of action. It is merely a recognition of a state of things that has 

 existed for nearly ten years, and the ofHcial sanction of my efforts. 



