SOUTH DAKOTA HORT. SOCIETY MEETING, 1901. 105 



Reports showed that the plum crop was destroyed by spring 

 frost in the Missouri valley, but otherwise a fair crop of fruit was 

 raised throughout the state, especially of apples. A discussion on 

 black walnuts left the impression that they were short lived in ex- 

 posed places, but did fairly well in moist, sheltered localities. 



Mrs. Ida M. Millers, in a paper on native fruits in the north- 

 east part of state, reported the sand cherry, Juneberry and high 

 bush cranberry as being valuable native fruit ; also black raspber- 

 ry and choke cherry as being good. 



Your delegate here read a paper on fruit culture in southwest- 

 ern Minnesota. 



J. A. Carlton stated that the Whitney blighted some, but the 

 Wealthy bore better than he ever knew it to in Wisconsin. 



The evening session was opened by A. Norby, of Madison, with 

 a paper on "Evergreen Windbreak." He recommended especially 

 the northern red cedar. Discussion developed the fact that the 

 northern red cedar was the preference of most, the Scotch pine was 

 short lived, the Norway spruce not quite hardy. The Austrian pine, 

 white spruce, blue spruce. Black Hills spruce and the Black Hills, 

 or bull, pine, were also well spoken of. The white pine, balsam fir, 

 arbor vitae and hemlock were generally considered as no good. The 

 secretary said they should be discarded from the state. Mr. E. D. 

 Cowles, of Vermillion, said a wire netting made the best of protec- 

 tion for a young evergreen. Mr. A. Norby recommended giving the 

 young evergreens winter protection by laying them down and cov- 

 ering them with earth for the first three or four winters. This was 

 considered a most important point for prairie planters. Mr. D. F. 

 Harrington recommended the juniper savin for a low evergreen 

 hedge. It was shown by Messrs. Whiting and Norby that in the 

 Black Hills the rainfall was greater than in the surrounding coun- 

 try ; that the Ponderosa, or bull pine, had taken possession of the 

 southern slopes, and the Black Hills spruce had taken the northern 

 slopes, only higher up on the hills, where the rainfall was greater. 

 Mr. Whiting mentioned the beautiful silver cedars he had seen in 

 the vicinity of the Bad Lands. 



Mr. D. F. Harrington, of Sioux Falls, here read an interesting 

 paper on "Ornamental Shrubs." Other papers were read, but it 

 was getting late, and my notes here are mostly blanks. 



Wednesday Morning, the 23rd. — About sixty persons were 

 present. Mr. C. E. Older, of Luverne, Minn., read his paper on 

 "Currants and Gooseberries for Profit." Each family should have 

 three or four dozen plants — set at two years old, four by six feet. 

 Cultivate well for two years ; then mulch and allow no weeds to 

 grow. Never divide an old currant bush to get sets from. 



Paper of C. W. Gurney, on "Commercial Strawberry Culture." 

 He recommends Crescent, Bederwood and Warfield. It is neces- 

 sary to get a full stand the first season that rows should be only 

 about three feet apart, thus not allowing too wide matted rows. He 

 recommends the Bederwood as being the best single variety for 

 home use. Mr. C. E. Older reported 800 quarts grown upon eight 

 square rods of ground. 



