TRANSPLANTING AND CARE OF EVERGREENS. 223 



Prof. Waklron : Yes, we have some there, and they are doing 

 very weh. 



Mr. Alfred Terry : Do I understand the gentleman to say it 

 was safe to plant in the fall? 



Prof. Waklron : Xo, never in the fall, but in the spring after 

 the buds are started. Some had shoots on nearly an inch long. 



Mr. H. H. Chapman : Do you consider it necessary to plant 

 evergreens at the depth at which they were originally grown? 



Prof. Waldron : No, I set them deeper. 



Mr. Chapman : What is your idea in doing that ? 



Prof. Waldron : The deeper we can get them without ciitting 

 off the lower branches the better ; we want to get the roots below 

 the frost line, that is the idea. 



Prof. Hansen: I believe the jack pine in northwestern Min- 

 nesota is worth looking after. It is the hardiest thing we have at 

 Brookings. 



Mr. A. W. Keays : \Miich is the best time to transplant the 

 jack pine. 



Prof. Hansen : About the same time as other evergreens, early 

 in the spring or late in the spring after the buds have started, about 

 the first of June. _ 



IRRIGATION IN THE MINNESOTA GARDEN AND 

 ORCHARD. 



P M. ENDSI.EY, MINNEAPOLIS. 



The average annual rainfall in ^Minnesota if properly distributed 

 through the growing season of each year is sufficient to produce 

 satisfactory results in the cultivation of the orchard and garden, but 

 if unevenly distributed, as during the past summer, serious loss will 

 follow unless irrigation is resorted to, and even in a season of 

 average rainfall proper irrigation will materially aid in the growth 

 of the largest quantity of fruit and garden produce of the highest 

 quality. 



In 1897 I commenced planting fruit trees and plants on my farm 

 at Lake Minnetonka, near Fairview, and, believing that I could ac- 

 complish far more by having ample moisture, I made some investi- 

 gations as to the method of irrigation used in this state, and in my 

 researches ransacked all government bulletins and reports on the 

 subject of irrigation that I could find for suggestions and example, 

 but found little that covered the real conditions of this locality. 



However, in the spring of 1898 I constructed an irrigating plant, 

 covering eleven acres of the farm above referred to. The water is 

 raised by a six horse power gasoline engine and 5x8 triplex pump, 

 located 150 feet distant and seventeen feet above the water in the 

 lake. The water is brought through a 4" iron suction pipe to the 

 pump and then forced through 400 feet of 3" discharge pipe into a 



