COMMERCIAL ORCHARDS FOR THE NORTHWEST. 247 



market he can make his Hving from ten acres right from the start.. 

 He can raise fruit between the apple trees, and if he attends strictly 

 to business he will be a good horticulturist by the time he becomes 

 as gray as I am. (Applause.) 



Mrs. L. A. Alderman (S. D.) : I have been in the commercial 

 orchard business for ten or twelve years, and I should say it would 

 most distinctly be a mistake to plant but one variety. Our Duchess 

 have been more profit to us than the Wealthy. We have four thou- 

 sand Wealthy apple trees in bearing, and I should say it would be a 

 decided mistake to have only one variety. I make more from my 

 Plumb Cider than from any Wealthy on my place. I had a Plumb 

 Cider bear fourteen bushels of apples. It is true you want a few 

 varieties, but if possible you should aim to cover the entire season, 

 and in planting I would advise to begin in a small way and find out 

 what you can do in your locality. With us the Wealthy is only a 

 moderate success on high ground, but we are in Dakota where we 

 have less rainfall, and we find the drouth afifects the Wealthy more 

 than it does the Duchess. I do not know what Mr. Trigg would do 

 with his Wealthy where the dealers want Duchess apples. 



I find a good market for half grown Duchess. A 

 half grown Duchess makes very good pies and sauce. We have to 

 have apples to cover the whole season, and if in this entire territory 

 of three hundred miles you plant only Wealthy I think you would 

 meet with only moderate success. We find the Plumb Cider a good 

 success and the Haas only moderate. 



Mr. Frank Yahnke : When I hear the Plumb Cider spoken of it 

 sounds to me like the wife who said "she had lost all respect for her 

 husband when he was dead." (Laughter.) The first name is the 

 name of the man who originated the apple. I have planted those ap- 

 ple trees, and I have sold some to Mr. O. M, Lord, and they are all 

 dead. I sold some the same year, in 1873, to a neighbor, and they 

 bore heavy crops this year. The fact is we have got to put that 

 Plumb Cider down, it will not do on a sandy soil. The Plumb Cider 

 wants clay soil, and I told Mr. Lord, Mr. Merritt and Dr. Wall so. 

 Dr. Wall has got some growing, and I saw the nicest apples I ever 

 looked at on his trees. He brought them in to the storekeeper, and he 

 put them in the window as show apples. It cannot be grown on 

 sandy soil, but if a man has heavy clay soil it can be made a success. 



Mr. Carl Vollenweider : I realize that some of the older mem- 

 bers here that have been experimenting and planting a half dozen 

 trees at a time have become pretty old, and if a young man were to 

 start in that way he would become old without doing more. I have 

 had an opportunity to learn a little something as I am a neighbor of 

 Mr. J. S. Harris. I claim a young man can get to a point in a short 

 period of time where it took an old man thirty years to do and learn 

 the same thing. A young man could not learn it if he had to try it all 

 himself, but he has the experience of others to go on and a wider 

 knowledge than men possessed when they began this work. It 

 makes no difference whether a man raises strawberries or apples in 

 a little garden and tries to supply the wants of the people, or whether 

 he raises thousands of bushels and supplies three or four states. He 

 sells them locally or ships them to other points, whichever way he 



