276 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



in water. Let the horse go along between two rows. Each man 

 has a spade, and placing it at the cross mark, pushes it down, and 

 pressing back and forward, draws out the spade. He then takes a 

 plant out of the water, and putting it in opening made, presses the 

 soil around it with the foot. If there are plenty of plants I put two 

 in each hill, which will insure a better stand and will get better re- 

 turns the first year after the plants are set. I cultivate two or three 

 times a week through the season. 



As soon as we are through picking berries we cut out all the 

 old wood, throwing two rows together in piles. When through 

 take a two-horse wagon and hay rack, haul the vines ofi and burn 

 them at once. 



In the fall, from the fifteenth of October until November first, 

 we lay our plants down. Generally two men go along, one taking 

 hold of the hill, pulling it over and pressing the vines down close to 

 the ground as can be without breaking the canes; the other takes 

 a spade or shovel and covers the end of the plants with dirt to hold 

 them down, laying the plants all down one way parallel with the 

 row. One man may do the work by using a six-tined fork to hold 

 the vine down. When through tipping I take two horses and a 

 fourteen-inch plow with an evener five feet long, straddling the 

 row with horses, one man to drive, and another to hold the plow, 

 and throw furrow up on each side, being careful not to run too close 

 to the hills. When we get through plowing we take shovels and 

 cover what is left uncovered. 



Early in the spring, usually about the fifteenth of April, I take 

 up the vines with a six-tined fork or potato fork. When the vines are 

 raised up I run through them with a double shovel plow first, then 

 follow up with a five-tooth cultivator both ways to get the ground 

 leveled down well. Then take a lioe or garden rake and pull the 

 soil away from the hill to make it level with the other ground. 

 After this I go through with a hand clipper, cutting off the tops and 

 leaving the canes about three feet high, and also cut off all broken 

 canes, leaving eight to ten stalks, or canes, to a hill. Cultivate two 

 or three times a week or oftener, according to the season, till the 

 berries begin to ripen. Berres treated this way I usually get $50 

 to $60 per acre at one year old ; $75 to $80 at two years old ; and $100 

 to $150 at three and four years old. I have never failed to have a 

 fair crop of berries in the last twelve years. Black raspberries are 

 treated the same as red ones, except I plant them four by eight foot. 



I have seen one seedling red raspberry originated by J. Corlett, 

 Mound Prairie, La Crescent P. O., Minn., that promises to become 

 a strong rival of the Loudon. The fruit is of about the same size. 



