96 H. L. BROOMALL : 



The place of d (as in father) at the apex of the triangle 

 suggests that it is uttered with the most open position of the 

 vocal organs. The position of P indicates that it is uttered 

 with the most contracted position of the vocal organs as par- 

 ticularly felt in the back of the mouth. The position of oo is 

 intended similarly to represent the other extremes where, 

 while there is contraction of the lips, yet the general contour 

 of the mouth is extended and the other vocal organs un con- 

 tracted. The speaker may run the vowel scale by beginning 

 with P, passing through </,* d and o, and ending with oo. 

 The a of cat will be heard as he passes from a to d and the 

 aw oi flaw as he passes from d to o. So all other possible 

 pure vowel sounds lie between the extremes P and oo. 



The words of this list are comparatively arranged b}- 

 placing first the word having the vowel made by the more 

 contracted position of the vocal organs, as P or its short equiv- 

 alent /, and then arranging other words of similar form and 

 analogous meaning as their vowels are made by a more open 

 position of the vocal organs or b}^ a more enlarged contour of 

 the mouth. As the vowels so open and enlarge in their 

 method or means of making, so the sense of the words con- 

 taining them enlarges. This comparison of size or mass 

 expressed by vocal sounds is illustrated by the preservation oi 

 teeny as the pronunciation of tiny in such expressions as zivr, 



*Tlie (liacrilic signs for long "a" and long "o" may be niislcaduig 

 because in Knglisli these are generally diphthongs, the lo,ig "a" ending 

 in a short "i" sound and the long "o" in a short "n" sound. The signs 

 are here used as if the final short sound were not heard. Thi' long "a" 

 and long "o," as here used, arc therefore resprclivelv e(ini\;i!e;U In long 

 "e" and long "o" as heard in the Spini>h ami Italian. 



