142 BARKER : 



unequal to genius, and never trained to any particular pur- 

 pose. Nor is there anything but gain for the student who 

 passes to independent creative work through craftsmanship. 

 The greatest painters of the Renaissance were trained in the 

 shop of the craftsmen ; they were apprenticed and learned 

 their trade. 



Lastly, the question may be raised as to whether the 

 schools for the training of professional workers offer to their 

 students a reasonably complete and sufficient system of 

 education in that which they profess to teach. 



These schools ma}' be divided into two classes. One of 

 these classes includes the schools of architecture that exist in 

 universities and schools of technology, and the schools of 

 industrial and applied art. The schools of architecture of 

 the better class enjoy a high reputation, as preparing their 

 students to enter the offices of the practising architect with 

 enough knowledge to make them useful at the start and 

 to enable them to develop in contact with actual problems 

 encountered. The graduate of a school of this sort has been 

 taught draughtsmanship and design, the methods of construc- 

 tion employed by the mason, the carpenter and the iron- 

 worker, the means of heating buildings, and has been 

 instructed as to ventilation, plumbing, drainage, and so forth. 

 He has been especially trained as to how men in other times 

 and places have met their particular problems with the avail- 

 able materials, and how styles have developed thereby. Mean- 

 while his teachers have shown him how to use his instru- 

 ments, his pencil, pen and ink, charcoal and water-color with 

 regard to the possibilities of each. At certain times he has 

 been working in the chemical laboratory, at others studying 

 English and French or German, trigonometry, analytic geo- 

 metrj' and the science of perspective, and is required besides 

 to attend various special lectures. In all this the architect- 

 ural schools are greatlj' assisted bj'- the general recognition of 

 subsequent office work as a necessary part of an architectural 

 education, and bv the fact that works of this art must stand 



