122 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



terinined whether efficient fire protectiou cannot be provided for 

 less than this figure, which is $5.10 per acre per year. This was per- 

 haps an exceptionally promising growth, but many other similar 

 tracts were found which if protected from fire would in twenty 

 years be worth $50 or more per acre and today are considered of no 

 value. 



The results of the study of the annual increase of individual trees 

 left in logging is given and also the history of typical pine trees as 

 shown by their annual rings. The difference is also shown in the 

 rate of increase of those trees that are crowded and those that are 

 open-grown. The natural re-stocking with trees on unburned land 

 is considered at length and also the re-stocking on burned land, and 

 it is shown that even on burned land if it is subsequently protected 

 from fire a new growth will soon come in, and that a little attention 

 at the right time would result in re-stocking these lands with white 

 pine. 



The natural increase of Norway pine and the value of a growth of 

 jack pine on the same land with it to produce a good upward growth 

 in the Norway is referred to. Jack pine is represented as being of 

 rather more value for lumber than is generally regarded, but its chief 

 value is as a low growth to make the Norway take on its best form. 

 The rate of increase of tamarac is also considered, and it is shown 

 that it is a comparatively simple matter to keep up a good growth 

 of tamarac on lands adapted to it, and that it is one of the easiest 

 trees to continue on the land. A number of instances in support of 

 this are given. 



The bulletin also discusses some of the principles which should 

 be applied to the original timber land in Minnesota. It puts 

 special einphasis on protection from fire, and says that without 

 this protection there is no use of attempting anything else. In 

 order to get the land re-seeded, it is important w^hile cutting the 

 natural timber that nature should be encouraged by leaving the 

 young stock on the land in a favorable condition for growing and 

 leaving some seed producing trees. It is impossible for fire to run 

 over any forest land without doing great damage. This dainage is 

 difficult to estimate, but it is plain that whatever land is kept non- 

 productive is at least being kept from yielding 500 feet, board meas- 

 ure, for each acre per year, which is considered the normal amount 

 of increase on well stocked timber land. The greatest aggregate 

 damage is probably done by light fires that repeatedly run over the 

 land and prevent a new growth. The planting of trees is expensive, 

 and it is quite impracticable with a large proportion of the area of 

 the forest lands in this state, as the results will not justify such 

 treatment, and we must look to the natural re-seeding of the land 

 from the trees now growing on it. 



The bulletin has fourteen large half-tone illustrations and is 

 supplemented by quotations from a large number of prominent 

 lumbermen. 



