192 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



grafts, and are planted in rows the following spring two or three 

 inches apart in the row, rows three feet apart. After growing- one 

 season, they are dug with the tree digger in the fall and packed 

 away for spring planting. 



Red raspberries are served the same way^but the suckers if not 

 allowed to grow too thick make good plants for setting. After the 

 roots are removed from the propagating ground, plow deeply and 

 let the frosts of winter do the rest. In the spring this ground will 

 be ready for some other crop, and if you have done your work well 

 you will not be bothered by bushes growing up. The best plants 

 for setting are those grown from root cuttings and set in plantation 

 when one year old. 



As to varieties, I would recommend only those kinds that are 

 listed for general planting by your State Horticultural Society. 



Some writers have stated that cultivation should be kept up until 

 the berries are nearly grown and then discontinued. When this prac- 

 tice has been followed, the rule has been that when you have picked 

 two crops of fruit your plantation has become a wild waste of brush, 

 never again to grow a paying crop. With many varieties more 

 suckers make their appearance after fruiting than before, and if 

 these are allowed to grow untouched until the next spring and then 

 dug out, the canes left for fruiting are greatly weakened in vitality 

 and cannot be depended on for more than half a crop. 



For a small patch in one's garden, keep the cultivator going until 

 the fruit is well set, then cover the space between the rows with 

 straw four inches deep; as soon as the berries are picked, remove 

 the straw and start the cultivator again and keep the ground abso- 

 lutely free from suckers, weeds and grass. I do not believe, ho wever, 

 that this method will pay in a commercial plantation. One of the 

 results claimed to be gained by this process is keeping the berries 

 clean, but in my experience the few berries saved wiJl not pay one- 

 tenth part of the extra expense. If the canes are cared for as I have 

 stated and a little pains taken to keep them erect by firming the 

 earth about their base, but few dirty berries will be found. 



DISCUSSION. 

 GROWING PLANTS FOR TRANSPLANTING. 



Pres. Underwood: What do you think, Mr. Gardner, of 

 transplanting raspberries before setting them out, making one- 

 year old plants? In other words, would there be any advantage 

 in having transplanted raspberry plants, either red or black 

 raspberries, over a one-year old tip of the black raspberry or 

 a one- year old sprout of the red raspberry? 



Mr. Gardner, (Iowa) : I have had a little experience with 

 that. Some of our people prefer, for instance, to take the tips 

 of black raspberries and set them rather close together, and 

 let them grow one year, and then cut them back and plant 

 them in permanent rows. They claim — 



