EVERGREENS. 345 



Pres. Underwood: How did they stand the drought? 



Mr. Bush: They were the trees that stood the drought best; they 

 stood the drought better than anything else I had. 



Dr. Frisselle: What varieties have you, Mr. Bush. 



Mr. Bush: I have the white pine, the Austrian pine, the red cedar, 

 the Scotch and a number of others on the farm. 



Pres. Underwood: What is the root system of the white pine? 



Mr. Bush: It is very deep. 



Mr. Philips: How about the apple trees that were planted close to 

 the white pine? 



Mr. Bush: Regarding the row of white pine that stood between 

 the rows of apple trees, they did not seem to rob the apple trees of 

 their vigor or food, and still the white pine inade a good growth. 

 While the arbor vitoe and some of those trees have tap roots, the 

 Scotch pine draws its support from level roots. 



Pres. Underwood: Are you not mistaken about the Scotch pine 

 not having tap roots? 



Mr. Bush: It has not as deep roots as the white pine. There is 

 another thing we must not lose sight of in planting evergreens, and 

 the same principle holds good with apple trees. Our evergreens are 

 much inore valuable if we can obtain the stock near where we intend 

 to do our planting, and this is equally true of the apple. If we can 

 get our stock on the ground where we intend to plant we are sure of 

 getting trees that will stand all extremes. 



Pres. Underwood: Is it not true that the white pine growing in 

 the timber sections of our state are on soils that would entirely ex- 

 pose them to the effects of drouth, and that they stand well there? 



Mr. Bush: I think it is. Those little pines that I got in my search 

 were dug from an exposed and barren ridge, where they had stood 

 those extremes before I got them out. 



Mr. Somerville: I want to indorse what Mr. Bush has said in this 

 way: Where he and I live they are a beautiful tree, and where his 

 farm is it is almost their native home, but it will not do to put them 

 all over the state. Mr. Bush has on his farm some of the finest trees 

 I ever saw, but they are on their native soil. 



Mr. S. D. Richardson: I want to state that in .Faribault county 

 white pines from the woods north of St. Paul occasionally lose their 

 vitality and kill out. Eleven years ago I got some white pine from 

 the woods, but I have none left, and I have seen red cedar scattered 

 all around over the prairie, and they made a fair growth. I think 

 they are nearly as large as the other evergreens of the same age. 



Pres. Underwood: How does the Scotch pine do? 



Mr, Richardson: It kills, sometimes. I had one that was pretty 

 nice in front of the house that I chopped down last spring because 

 it spring-killed. 



Pres. Underwood: Was it the effect of drought? 



Mr. Richardson: I don't know what it was. 



Mr. Philips: In regard to the red cedar: I think Judge Moyer 

 struck the keynote on the first question when he said the red cedar 

 grows from the Gulf to the British Possessions and from the Atlantic 

 to the Pacific, and there is just as much difference between the red 



