CALENDER FOR NOVEMBER. 449 



All trees planted in the orchard should be correctly named and 

 kept labeled until the place is platted or the owner becomes per- 

 fectly familiar with the name and place of every tree. See that all 

 labels are in condition to pass the winter without becoming ef- 

 faced, and in some cases wires will need to be loosened to prevent 

 the g-irdling- of the trees. 



To produce best results, bearing trees need annual manuring-, 

 which is best applied in late fall and early winter. Spread as hauled, 

 and it maj^ be plowed or cultivated in very late in the fall to good 

 advantage. 



Seedling stocks for root grafting should be secured early- in the 

 month and buried in the cellar, and scions luay be cut at any time 

 after the trees are at rest and when not frozen and kept in the same 

 manner. 



The orchard site that is to be planted next spring should be se- 

 lected and fitted up this fall with a strong team and plow. The 

 deeper it is plowed the better, and if the soil is a tenacious clay 

 subsoiling and under-draining will prove of great advantage. 

 Laying off the ground and digging the holes before the ground be- 

 cotnes too hard frozen will also greatly facilitate the spring planting. 



Small fruits properly cared for are a great success in Minnesota. 

 The plantations of raspberries and blackberries should be cleaned 

 of all weeds, grass and dead canes, and the rubbish removed 

 promptly burned, that thereby seeds, fungi and insects may be de- 

 stroyed; and all tender kinds should be laid down and covered with 

 earth, and even hardy kinds are better for being served in the same 

 way. A light covering of the strawberry beds is generally advan- 

 tageous this early in the season, adding more later if the winter 

 brings only light snows. 



Grape pruning is in order as soon as the leaves have fallen, and 

 our experience is in favor of early pruning. The pruned canes 

 should be bent down to the ground and fastened in place with pegs 

 or hooks, and later, or just as winter is setting in, it is well to cover 

 them out of sight with earth. 



Best Windows for Plants.— There are many aspects to the 

 southerly side of a house. The sun does not rise in the precise east 

 nor set in the exact west, nor does it rise or set in the same place 

 more than two days in the year. A house may have the windows^ 

 one facing due east, another due south and another due west, and 

 during the day each may be a sunny window. Which is best for 

 window plants? If there is a choice, take the south window. The 

 next best is the east window. The least valuable is the west window. 

 The best aspect is really southeast, for the best time of the day for 

 plants is the inorning. The southeast window combines the early 

 morning sunlight, which seems to be the most advantageous for 

 plants, with the greatest amount of heat, which comes between 

 eleven o'clock and three o'clock. The ideal bay window for plants 

 is a half circle facing south. 



