E. J. BUTLER 29 



spear cannot pierce them, it is little likely that immune varieties will 

 be found. 



In the earlier paper an extension of the growing of transplanted aman 

 paddies was advocated. It was not then fully realized that the escape of the 

 transplanted kinds in a sense accidental, being due to the relatively high 

 levels at which they are grown, the early and good cultivation of the soil, and 

 the late season at which they are put out. Now that it is known that there is 

 nothing inherent in the transplanted varieties which makes them immune, 

 and that transplanting does not cause the slightest difference to the course of 

 an attack, other things being equal, this recommendation must be modified. 

 The transplanted paddy is usually planted out several months later than the 

 broadcasted is sown. This would no doubt give a long enough period, provided 

 the soil was either cultivated or flooded, to kill out any worms left from the 

 previous crop. But by that time the water would be too deep on the low- 

 l}dng lands subject to ufra to allow of transplanting. Even if it were practi- 

 cable, which it is not, it would be no use trying to avoid losses from ufra by 

 transplanting paddy before the rains break into the fields which ordinarily 

 get the disease. The worms liberatfcd from the stubble at the first flooding 

 would attack the transplanted crop as soon as the humidity rose sufficiently 

 to allow of migration, just as readily as they attack broadcasted plants. Thus 

 it is chiefly in the relatively small area in which the level can be altered so as 

 to bring land that previously grew the broadcasted kinds to a height suitable 

 for growing transplanted paddy that any benefit can be expected to result 

 from transplanting. 



Hence there seem to be only a few cases in which beneficial results may be 

 expected through attempting to alter the varieties sown in ufra-infected land. 

 One is the introduction of early maturing kinds, such as the digha paddies 

 and haroli, and the other is re-arranging the levels of particular fields so that 

 they may grow boro,- khama, or transplanted aman, in place of long-stemmed 

 aman. Mr. G. P. Hector, Economic Botanist to the Government of Bengal, 

 to whom the first of these suggestions is due, is engaged in- testing its practi- 

 cability in certain areas ; while the second is of very limited application and 

 is already well known to the ryots in many places. It will be referred to again 

 below. 



The growing of jute in some classes of infected land has been advocated 

 with the idea that if the paddy crop could be replaced even for a year the worms 

 would doubtless die out. In Noakhali a more profitable and, so far as can be 

 ascertained, equally effective practice is to take first a crop of jute and follow it 

 by a crop of transplanted aman put in in August. Thi,a cannot be done on the 



