126 THE MICROSCOPE. Aug. 



lized milk into butter in one minute. Not only is time 

 saved, but the butter is made absolutely pure and free 

 from g-erms. The milk is heated in the sterilizer to 160 

 deg-rees F. From the sterilizer it runs into a churning- 

 chamber, where it is cooled down to 60 degrees in its pro- 

 gress, by means of very small cooling frames, through 

 which iced water constantly passes, and which revolves 

 with the churning chamber at the rate of six thousand re- 

 volutions a minute. Several advantages are claimed for 

 this remarkable machine, which bids fair to create a revolu- 

 tion in butter-making upon a larg-e scale. In the first place, 

 by sterilizing the milk, disease germs, if they are in it, are 

 destroyed, as well as the microbes which cause putrefac- 

 tion of the butter. The process of butter making is so 

 rapid that there is very little chance of any germs that may 

 exist in the atmosphere of the dairy getting into the butter, 

 especially as all, or nearly all, air must be forced out of the 

 chamber of the machine by the extreme rapidity of the 

 movement going on inside. When the butter is once 

 pressed, the possibility of germ impregnation is almost 

 eliminated. Thus a wholesome and permanently pure 

 butter is produced. Another advantage is that milk can 

 be converted into butter directly after being obtained from 

 the cow. — Med. Neios. 



A Cheap Polariscope. — The following cheap polariscope 

 will be found to give first-class results: — Cut 20 to 25 

 pieces of thin glass, 18mm. by 12mm. Now make a card- 

 boai-d tube from a marked card, as shown below. 



The pieces of glass should now be fixed in tube with 

 strips of card shown in sketch. If all is done right, the 

 glass will be at an angle of 35 degrees. Of course, two may be 

 required. The square tube can be fastened in a round 

 tube to fit the microscope. — En^;. Mechanic. 



Dirty Thermometers. — Those who are constantly 

 preaching the germ causes of disease are the very fellows 

 who many times are as careless as their unbelieving 

 friends. How frequently do we see physicians take the 

 temperature of their patients, regardless of the existing 



