42 H. L. HROOMALL : 



sound to transfer names from old thinos to new. Words are 

 continually grouping and regrouping around these relations. 

 The meaning is repeatedly renewed or reenforced by associa- 

 tions of this kind. The analogical link is soon lost, and some 

 new characteristic becomes the basis of the next transfer in 

 meaning. It is by such processes that ris^ht, n's^/'d, regular, 

 rich, regal, rule, royal and rack divaricate from a common 

 form. The moral application of right, now the predominant 

 meaning, still leaves evidence of its transfer from the physical 

 in the terms right line and right angle . That the analogy is 

 still good is shown by our calling an action straight or crooked, 

 and naming the bent thing and the perverted man alike crook 

 and crank. Fare, to go, travel, as in seafarer, 7uayfarer, 

 through its characteristic of danger, has its cognate fear, and 

 through its characteristic of cost, more prominent in modem 

 times, it becomes fare, passage money. Journey and journal 

 are derivatives of Latin diur)ius through French : the connect- 

 ing analogy was the day's work in travel or product. We. 

 equip a railroad and ship goods by it. Equip is from Old 

 French esquiper, the Gallic adaptation of a Teutonic word 

 represented in English by skiff, skipper and ship, and applied 

 to the fitting out of a ship. The analogical transfers are hid- 

 den or apparent in all these cases according to time and cir- 

 cumstances. In tracing the etymology of any word such 

 transfers are discovered sooner or later. 



We have noticed niischiev ous and contra' ry as survivals of 

 the earlier pronunciation of a class of words accented formerly 

 on the second syllable and now on the first, such as injury, 

 balcony, orator and history . But some of this class of words 

 have not yet been affected by this shift of accent even accord- 

 ing to the standard : these are legitimate survivals, kept so by 

 special imitation. By analogy, however, the speaker extends 

 the phonetic change to these words, thus anticipating the 

 change of accent. Hence, we hear in'quiry, cu' rator, va gary , 

 op' ponent, pre' cedcncc, i'dea, con' dolence and in' tcrnient. Some 

 of us mav be frank enouo:h to acknowledee that we are sur- 



