Il8 HILLMAN : 



or restricted to more northern latitudes. After thousands of 

 years the ice melted, and as the land was laid bare, vegetation 

 recovered the lost territory. On the barren ground left by the 

 ice, at first only mosses and sedges appeared, and gradually 

 these were supplanted by the forest spruce and poplar, slowl}' 

 coming up from the South. Then followed the pines, and 

 these were succeeded by maples, oaks and others. While the 

 forests were advancing northward, the different species strug- 

 gled with each other for particular localities. 



Certain conditions are necessarj^ for the life and growth of 

 all trees alike. They must have moisture and they must have 

 light. lyight is essential to enable the leaves to elaborate the 

 inorganic substances brought by the roots from the subsoil, 

 which are deposited on the surface in the leaves or twigs. 



The fact that a certain species is always found in one 

 locality does not prove that it will not flourish elsewhere. If 

 given a chance, the magnolia, golden rod and others, are only 

 too glad to adorn one's garden. 



In every pine wood are suppressed trees of some kind, 

 whose presence is due to birds or squirrels. Just as soon as 

 the pines are cut, and they receive more light and room, they 

 grow rapidly. Trees are driven into environments by their 

 competitors ; they compete, not onlj^ with their own kind, but 

 with different species. Interesting instances of this were seen 

 at Blue Anchor. In one case, four pitch pines about 40 feet 

 high had come up from sprouts around the huge stump of the 

 parent tree. Each seemed to claim the place of the old land- 

 mark, and we left them all standing straight up for their 

 rights. In another place a mammoth black oak and a pine 

 were in close proximity. Evidences of a prolonged strife 

 were here visible. By more rapid growth, doubtless, the broad 

 leaves of the oak had sheltered the seedling pine till it became 

 established, when the latter, claiming absolute ownership, 

 had spread its lateral branches in the endeavor to crowd out 

 this early friend. Failing in this, it had divested itself of all 

 unnecessary covering, and shot upward, till towering many 



