af vy V CFR Sv ae oie. De ee ee. ee 
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86 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
site, soil, culture, protection, gathering, marketing; requires special 
fitness, Elevated land the best; blue grass a deadly foe. One ~ 
orchard in Cerro Gordo Co., of only two acres, sold in one year 
$1,275 worth and seldom has failed to return $100 or more per acre. 
A large nursery firm reports as planted last year 17,514 trees: North- 
west Greening, 4,000, Longfield, 2,000, Patten’s Greening, 2,000, 
Wealthy, 1,900, Malinda, 1,700, Hibernal, 1,500, McMahon, 1,300 and 
others down to 50 Ben Davis. Northern Iowa in the future will be 
noted for fine fruit. 
Paper. “Hard Facts as to Hardiness of the Apple.” Thos. Frank- 
land, Stonewall, Manitoba. Theories on isothermal lines, rarified air, 
resistence to frost, sap ripening, etc. afford some hints as to hardi- 
ness, but trial is the only means to determine results. Have tried 
100 varieties of Russians, a large number of seedling crabs, etc.; re- 
sults, disappointment in many cases. A few Transcendent, Hy- 
slop, Tonka and Gideon’s October fruited. Some seedlings of his 
own promise well; apples not large but of superior quality. 
Wednesday afternoon. “Horticultural Reminiscences,” W. A. Bur- 
nap. Trees found 100 feet beneath the top soil, placed there before 
or with the drift of ages ago, show that the present flora is very 
similar.5 Drift conditions, however, changed the character of our 
flora materially. There is a wide difference between that of Clear 
Lake andzMason City. Clear Lake soils stand more rain and more 
drouth than most soils. Where wild fruits are indigenous is found 
the best basis of success. The first apple trees set here were in 1858. 
No trees remain of those then set. Afterward he set a small nursery 
at Forest} City; could not induce farmers to buy home grown trees, 
but they bought of an agent $25,000 worth in one spring, which all 
proved worthless. 
Paper. “Glimpses from the Road Side,” P. F. Kinne, Storm Lake, 
Pres. N-W. Society. Trees and shrubbery indicate whether this is a 
home or only a place to stay. Under the snow conifers are the most 
striking; Scotch pine not so good as Austrian at the end of twenty 
years; Norway spruce very fine; Colorado blue spruce fine: Black 
Hills, perfect, no defects, the coming tree. Red cedar, doing well; 
arbor vitae failing; also Douglas spruce and hemlock; Teas’ weep- 
ing mulberry successful; Japanese wineberry departed. 
Yellow Transparent appears well; Tetofsky not so good; Longfield 
needs further trial. Duchess is the apple; Haas has great vitality, 
big trees, but not regular bearer; Kaump has come to stay; Arabs- 
coe good; Revel Pear good size, high quality, sweet; No. 169, Ben 
Davis, Antonovka, Hibernal, St. Lawrence, Plumb Cider, Walbridge, 
all doing well; Rawle’s Janette and Perry Russett do well in favora- 
ble places. 
Paper. “Norway Maple,” Mr.C. Wedge. The life of ornamentals is 
very short. If soil is not adapted to them the best natives succumb. 
Northern Maple stands better than many other kinds; have stood for 
twelve years where birch and poplar died; better in Mower Co. than 
hard maple; trees twenty-five years old at Albert Lea. Mr. Mitchell 
had in 1844 maples all killed to the ground but grew again and are 
now fine trees. Do not succeed at Owatonna. Mr. Guilford planted 
600, all gone; one species, the scarlet, does well. Mr. Coe has trees 
