170 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Mr. Harris: The delegate from Wisconsin, Prof. Goff, is here, and 
he is familiar with spraying. I think we would all like to hear what 
he has to say on the subject. 
Prof, E. S. Goff, (Wisconsin): I was one of those who raised my 
hand. We did spray a few times this year, but we sprayed mainly 
for the aphis on the plum and the pear tree slug on the pear and 
cherry trees. I have had some experience in spraying for apple 
scab and the codling moth. We have found that spraying for the 
apple scab is successful to a large degree; three-fourths of the dam- 
age caused by apple scab can be avoided by spraying, but it is 
necessary to do the work thoroughly. We began before the blos- 
soms opened to make our first application. We used Bordeaux 
mixture and always added a little Paris green for the leaf roller. 
After the petals have fallen, we spray again, and then we put in 
Paris green for the codling moth. If the season is wet and warm, 
we spray frequently; ifdry, we donot. We have had results that 
were varying, but saving from forty to eighty percent. Mr, Hatha- 
way is quite a large orchardist in Wisconsin, and he has been spray- 
ing his trees every year since 1890. Healways sprays twice or three 
times, and sometimes four times, and he regards it as necessary in 
order to secure a good crop of apples. 
Judge Moyer: Isprayed a very little on plum trees and goose- 
berry bushes. I sprayed them with Bordeaux mixture, and I gota 
very good crop. 
Mr. Lyons: I never practiced spraying until last year. Appar- 
ently the fruit on those trees that were sprayed was better than on 
those that were not sprayed. 
Mrs. Kennedy: We have an acquaintance who has a large or- 
chard, and four or five years ago he told me his apples were so 
badly infested with the scab that they considered them of no value. 
but the last two years they commenced spraying, and he told me’ 
they had a perfect crop of apples, never hada finercrop. He used 
Bordeaux mixture. 
Mrs. Stager: I sprayed my plums and apples; I gave them three 
applications, because we had quite a good deal of rain, and I had 
the nicest fruit and the largest quantity of plums and apples I ever 
had, The plums were rid of the curculio,and I never had better 
success. 
Judge Moyer: Did you spray with Bordeaux mixture? 
Mrs. Stager: Yes, sir. 
Mr. Wedge: Prof. Goff,did you manage to control the aphis on the 
plum, and what spray did you use? 
Prof. Goff: I considered my success only partial. I used kerosene 
emulsion, and it kills the aphis as soon as it touches it, but it is 
difficult work, as it infests the under side of the leaf, and it is a diffi- 
cult matter to get at them, but the man would stand right by the 
side of the trunk of the tree and force the spray up, and by spending 
ten to fifteen minutes on a tree we succeeded very well. I thought 
at first it was a failure, but next day I found very few live ones; I 
watched them for a few days, and the live ones disappeared, and at 
the end of the week they had practically disappeared. Whether the 
