SPRAYING. 1 og 
emulsion killed them and the parasites did the rest I do not know, 
but the aphidae disappeared. In one instance we hada very strik- 
ing example of how the aphidae may interfere with the plum crop. 
- We had two trees, more or less loaded two years ago; each tree bore 
a fine cropof fruit. Theaphis attacked one badly, and then attacked 
the other, and although we cleaned it off by this spraying we found 
the plums from that tree were a full month later in maturing and 
not near so large, showing that the tree had been seriously damaged. 
If sprayed earlier we might have had better success. 
Judge Moyer: Our plum trees were badly invested with aphidae, 
and although we did not get them all off we got a very good crop of 
plums. Wehad another experience in using a spray of Paris green 
on red willows that were affected with worms, end it killed them 
completely. 
Mr. Burnap, (Iowa): I have been very much interested in this 
subject of spraying, and last year I had the honor to represent my 
state at the Illinois state meeting. They had at that meeting repre- 
sentatives from Kansas, Missouri, Michigan, southern Illinois, in 
fact, from all over this country where they have been practicing 
spraying, and when that subject came up before the meeting I ex- 
pected to find out all about it, and I was ready with my note book 
to take home all the information I could glean from those people, 
who I supposed knew all about it. I found whole books could be 
written about what they did not know upon that subject; and I 
should judge that the subject of spraying isin just about the same 
condition as the question of the winter apple in Minnesota. You 
all believe you are going to have a winter apple, and you are all try- 
ing for one, and that is the condition of spraying; therefore, I sug- 
gest that in spraying we be somewhat cautious. 
Mr. Van Houten, (lowa): I want to say, like Mr. Burnap, that I do 
not know nearly as much on this subject as I thought I knew a few 
years ago. The same application under conditions appearing the 
same does not produce the results it used to produce a few years ago. 
The horticulturist has advanced a new theory in regard to the codling 
moth. It has been asserted that the egg was layed in the calyx of 
the apple; he asserts that is the exception, and hardly ever done 
that way. Weusually begin to apply before the leaves are open, 
He contends the eggs are laid upon the leaves when the leaf is open, 
and it afterwards finds way into the apple. If that is true, we have 
made that much advance, because we have made the mistake of 
“spraying too early. Many who have sprayed the longest have lost 
confidence in it, and the knowledge does not seem to be so definite 
as it was some years ago. 
Mr. Wragg, (Iowa): We sprayed a good many years. The past 
year we did not have any codling moth at all up to August, but 
about August 15th the weather got very warm, and the crop seemed 
to hatch in Iowa, and the apples were badly affected. The early 
spraying did not hurt those fellows, but our fall apples all over 
Iowa were badly affected. How are you going to do anything for 
those hatches in the fall? We found spraying generally very effec- 
tive. We spray with emulsion, not very strong; we go over the 
