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172 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
rows and spray thousands of trees; we have to doit. We have tried 
Bordeaux mixture, and we have sprayed stocks that we wanted to 
bud, and we believe we got good results when the conditions were 
right, but we might spray the next season and not have the same 
conditions. There is something in the soiland the atmosphere that 
has something to do with this spraying question. 
Prof. Goff: The truth isin regard to this codling moth, we have 
not fully understood its life history. Its history was studied in the 
east and was published, and we learn that the life history differs 
in nearly every state. The history correct for New York is not cor- 
rect for Iowa and Minnesota. We need to study its history in the 
westin order to combat the codling moth successfully. In regard 
to the value of spraying, I think Prof. Bailey has hit the nail on the 
head. Itisaninsurance. It is necessary to spray with Bordeaux 
mixture before the disease appears, and if we spray before the dis- 
ease appears it is always in the nature of insurance. If the con- 
ditions are favorable for disease then our spraying will be effective, 
in a measure at least. Possibly, itis true we do not know as much 
about it as we used to, but it should be regarded in the nature of an 
insurance, and like any other insurance may prove unnecessary. 
Mr. Spickerman: I havea patch of Doolittle blackcaps that were 
affected with fungus and cane rust that nearly killed out the patch, 
and I thought I would try the experiment of spraying to renew the 
patch. I sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, and I have nearly renewed 
the patch. The stalks are not only free from cane rust, but they 
have had a good growth and bore last year. I have a neighbor who 
has sprayed all his fruit on what is known to Excelsior people as 
“Murray Hill.” He has an orchard of about two hundred trees, 
and that orchard has been sprayed for five years. He has 
sprayed every year with London purple, and I do not think I make 
a false statement if I say that the apple crop has been from fifty to 
sixty per cent more than was ever taken from that orchard before. 
Last year they raised three hundred bushels, and this year two hun- 
dred and fifty, when one hundred bushels was as much as had been 
raised before they commenced spraying. 
Mr. Burnap, (Iowa): What do they spray for? 
Mr.Spickerman: They spray for scab and codling moth. The 
reason I speak of this spraying is because I have quite an orchard 
set out, and I would like to know whether London purple could spi 
be used as well as anything else. 
Mr. Lyman: Those people spray with London purple because 
they think it is beneficial in keeping off the blight. 
Mr. Spickerman: In that orchard there are quite a number of 
Transcendent trees, which are quite subject to blight. 
Mr. Lord: I was not aware that at Minnetonka you were troubled 
with the codling moth; if you have codling moth you will find that 
arsenites are of great value in spraying. In regard to what was 
said by Prof. Goff about the codling moth—I have seen the codling 
moth early in the season, and I have seen it late in the season just 
astheappleisripening. Wehave hada good many,buta year ago we 
had altogether too many of them. In regard to the plum aphis— 
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